Figure 7.

Immune training with β–glucan induces metabolic changes and cytokine expression in monocytes from sepsis patients. (A) Baseline and stressed OCR 7 days after β–glucan or PBS treatment. (B) Baseline and stressed ECAR 7 days after β–glucan or PBS treatment. Stressed ECAR in trained septic monocytes showed an increased trend versus control monocytes, but did not achieve statistical significance (P=0.0625, N=5). (C) TNF–α expression 7 days after β–glucan or PBS treatment after 24h LPS stimulation. (D) IL–6 expression. TNF–α and IL–6 expression were below limit of detection levels in cells that were not treated with LPS 7 days after training or control treatment. All measures, unless otherwise specified, were analyzed using a paired t–test (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001) (N=5). ns, not significant.