Table 2.

Physico-chemical characteristics of mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulated with anti-tubercular drugs. SSA, specific surface area; Vp, total pore volume; LC, loading capacity; EE, encapsulation efficiency.

anti-tubercular agent	MCM/morphology	silica source	structure directing agent	catalyst	synthesis method	surface modification	surfactant extraction process	encapsulation method	SSA SBET (m2 g−1)	Vp (cm3 g−1)	pore size (nm)	particle size (nm)	LC (% w/w)	EE (%)	reference
pretomanid	MCM-41								503.4	1.053	2.04	250 ± 2.68	9		[199]
	(spherical)							rotary						≥86
	MCM-41-NH2	TEOS	CTAB	NaOH	sol–gel	post synthetic	calcination	evaporation	251.84	0.539	1.89	268 ± 9.66	9.4
	(honeycomb)					grafting
	MCM-41-PO−3								477.34	1.011	1.86	208 ± 4.65	8.6
	(honeycomb)
MCC7433	MCM-41								448.81	0.945	—	185 ± 3.29
	(spherical)							rotary						≥86	[199]
	MCM-41-NH2	TEOS	CTAB	NaOH	sol–gel	post synthetic	calcination	evaporation	—	—	—	258 ± 13.7	13
	(honeycomb)					grafting
	MCM-41-PO−3								—	—	—	176 ± 2.60
	(honeycomb)
moxifloxacin	AMS-6	TEOS	APES	—	sol–gel	—	calcination	rotary	534	0.65	—	300	40.4	—	[200]
	(spherical)							evaporation
PA-824	AMS-6	TEOS	APES	—	sol–gel	—	calcination	rotary	513	0.55	—	300	28	—	[200]
	(spherical)							evaporation
	MSNP-40						solvent					40	38.3	26.8	[201]
	(spherical)	TEOS	CTAB	Lysine	sol–gel	—	extraction	passive diffusion	—	—	9
	MSNP-100											100	41.1	22.5
	(spherical)
	MSM	TEOS	CTAB	DEA	sol–gel	—	solvent	passive diffusion	816	1.0679	2.4	218 ± 46	—	52	[198]
rifampicin	(spherical)						extraction
	MSN40e						solvent		483	1.3	11.7	47. ± 7.0	28.9	—	[202]
	(HMM)						extraction
	MSN40c	TEOS	CTAB	Lysine	sol–gel	Co-condensation
	(HMM)						calcination	centrifugation	483	1.3	11.7	47 ± 7.0	33.6	—
	MSN80c
	(HMM)						calcination		460	0.81	7.46	84.1 ± 17.4	38.2	—
isoniazid								impregnation							[203]
pyrazinamide	MSN						solvent		875.8	1.029	3.86	90–100
pyrazinoic acid	(honeycomb)	TEOS	CTAB	NaOH	sol–gel	—	extraction	rotary					—	—
ethambutol								evaporation