Table 2.
Significant Targets Resulting from Metabolomic and Proteomic Studies of Samples Derived from Asthmatic Patients.
| Sample | Type | Significant Targets | year | Reference (DOI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | Metabolomics | PC.ae.C42:1 and PC.ae.C42:5 | 2013 | doi.org/10.1111/all.12110 |
| taurine, nicotinamide, AMP, and arachidonate in asthmatics, 1-steraroyylglycerol, degydroisoandrosterone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, valine, isoleucine, and ornithine | 2015 | doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1500736 | ||
| DHEA-S, cortisone, ProHyp, pipecolate, N-palmitoyltaurine, cortisol, S1P, N-palmitoltaurine, 22-hydroxycholesterol, xanthine, ceramides, sphingomyelins, eicosanoids, and fatty acid | 2017 | DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01740-2016 | ||
| Plasma | Metabolomics | monoHETE0863, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, arachidonic acid, PGE2 and S1P | 2015 | doi.org/10.1002/iid3.61 |
| L-Arginine, B-Alanine,D,L-B-Aminoisobutyric Acid, Taurine,Ƴ-Amino-N-Butyric Acid, L-Tryptophan, L-Valine, L-Histidine, Hydroxy-L-Proline | 2020 | doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134758 | ||
| Histidine, 1-methylnicotinamide, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) | 2020 | doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030887 | ||
| SM 34:2, SM 38:1, SM 40:01:00 | 2021 | doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3MA1120-719R | ||
| Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:1p/22:6), Phosphatidylinositol (PI) (16:0/20:4), TG (20:0/18:1), PE (38:1), sphingomyelin (SM) (17:0/18:1/18:1), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (44:0), PE(d18:1/18:1), triglyceride (TG)(16:0/16:0/18:1), ceramide (Cer) (d16:0/27:2), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (22:4) | 2021 | doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158853 | ||
| Serum | Metabolomics | Formate, methanol, acetate, choline, O-phosphocholine, arginine, and glucose | 2013 | doi.org/10.1111/cea.12089 |
| 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-aminovaleric acid, ascorbate, dehydroascorbic acid, inosine, phenylalanine, and succinic acid (succinate), b-glycerophosphoric acid, maleamate, maleic acid, monoolein, ribose, and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline | 2015 | DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.102 | ||
| Ursodeoxycholic acid,Palmitic acid, Lauric acid Deoxycholic acid, Isodeoxycholic acid,EPA | 2017 | doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.009 | ||
| Monosaccharides, Glycerophosphocholine, LysoPC (18:1), Retinyl ester, PC(18:1/2:0), LysoPC(o-18:0),PS(18:0/22:5), Arachidonic acid,Cholesterol glucuronide, PE(18:3/14:0), Phytosphingosine,PC (16:0/18:1), Sphinganine, LysoPC(p-18:1), Retinols, PC(20:4/16:1) | 2018 | doi.org/10.1155/2018/2860521 | ||
| Hypoxanthine, L-Glutamine, Glycerophosphocholine, P-chlorophenylalanine, Succinate, Xanthine, Arachidonic Acid, Inosine, Theophylline, L-Pyroglutamic acid, Bilirubin, Palmitic acid, Indoxyl sulfate, L-Valine, L-Norleucine, L-Leucine, L-Phenylalanine | 2019 | DOI: 10.3967/bes2019.085 | ||
| 2-palmitoylglycerol, cholesterol, serine, threonine, Lactic acid, 2-palmitoylglycerol, Ethanolamine, Glucose, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid, D-Mannose, Succinic acid | 2020 | DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01390-4 | ||
| Succinate N-(2-furoyl)glycine, Iminodiacetate (IDA) | 2021 | doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.639 | ||
| EBC | Metabolomics | Leukotrienes | 2009 | doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.036 |
| Adenosine | 2009 | doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.90512.2008 | ||
| Nonane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, decane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, dodecane, tetradecane | 2012 | doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.023 | ||
| Retinoic acid, adenosine, and vitamin D | 2012 | doi.org/10.1111/all.12063 | ||
| 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 4-isopropenyl-1methylcyclohexene, 2-octenal, octadecyne, 1-isopropyl-3methylbenzene, 1, 7-dimethylnaphtalene | 2013 | doi.org/10.4155/bio.13.184 | ||
| Saturated fatty acids, valine, adenosine, hippurate, alanine, formate, urocanic acid, proline, acetate, ethanol, methanol, isoleucine, propionate, | 2014 | DOI: 10.1021/pr5010407 | ||
| uracil, urocanic acid, succinate, SFA, Phe, hippurate, trimethylamine, 4OH-phenylacetate, Val, acetate, SFA, Pro, Tyr, Arg, trans-aconitate,succinate, Val, propionate, SFA, methanol, uracil, Pro, formate, isobutyrate, urocanic acid, adenosine, Hippurate, Ala, acetate, ethanol, methanol, and Ile | 2014 | doi.org/10.1021/pr5010407 | ||
| Alkanes, acetone, 2, 4-dimethylpentane, 2, 4-dimethylheptane, 2,2, 4-trimethylheptane, 1-methyl-4-(1methylethenyl) Cyclohexen, 2,3, 6-trimethyloctane, 2-undecenal, Biphenyl, 2-ethenylnaphtalene, 2,6, 10-trimethyldodecane, Octane, 2-methylpentane, 2,4-dimethylheptane, and 2-methylhexane | 2014 | doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095668 | ||
| isopropanol and N,N, dimethylglycine and ammonia | 2017 | DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1365-7 | ||
| glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, pyruvate, glucose, butyrate, acetoin, formate, tyrosine, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, n-valerate, acetate, SFA, propionate, n-valerate, acetoin, isovalerate, 1,2-propanediol, ethnol, acetone, propionate, acetate, lactate, and SFA | 2017 | doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.038 | ||
| lysine, eicosanoids, phospholipids | 2020 | doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab9220 | ||
| 9-amino-nonanoic acid, 12-amino-dodecanoic acid, lactone of PGF-MUM, N-linoleoyl taurine, 17-phenox trinor PGF2α ethyl amide, lysoPC [18:2(9Z,12Z)] | 2020 | doi.org/10.3390/metabo10100390 | ||
| Sputum | Proteomics | SERPINA1S100A9, S100A8, SMR3B, and SCGB1A1 | 2011 | doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.07.053 |
| S100A9 | 2013 | DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.028 | ||
| Metabolomics | Glycerol 1-stearate_1, 1-Hexadecanoyl-snglycerol_1, Cytidine His-Pro, Thr-Phe_1, 20,30-cyclic phosphate, Arg-Phe_1, Adenine_1, Phe-Tyr_1, Phe-Gln_1, 1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(9Zoctadecenoyl)-sn- Tyr-Ala_2, Phe-Ser_1, glycero-3-phospho-(10rac-glycerol), Urocanic acid 1-Octadecanoyl-2-(9Zoctadecenoyl)-snglycero-3phosphoserine | 2017 | PMCID: PMC6965799 | |
| BALF | Proteomics | CLC, MBP, EDN, ECP, CRISP-3, and MMP-9 | 2005 | doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M500041-MCP200 |
| IL-4 and gelsolin | 2005 | doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200409-1185OC | ||
| galectin-3 | 2012 | doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.12.016 | ||
| Metabolomics | lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM), triglyceride (TG) |
2014 | doi.org/10.1021/pr5002059 | |
| Urine | Metabolomics | 2-oxaloglutarate, succinate, fuma- rate, 3-hydroxy3-methylglutarate, threonine, and cis-aconitate and trans-aconitate | 2011 | DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077 |
| Urocanic acid and methylimidazoleacetic acid | 2012 | doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1631 | ||
| Threonine, lactate, alanine, carnitine, acetylcarnitine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, acetate, citrate, malonate, hippurate, dimethylglycine, and phenylacetylglutamine | 2014 | DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.004 | ||
| Glutamine, succinate, uracil, pantothenate, Arginine, dimethylamine, 3-Hydroxyisovalerate, betaine, choline, glucose, 1-methylnicotinamide | 2015 | doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.022 | ||
| 4-(4-deoxy-α-d-gluc-4enuronosyl)-d-galacturonate, Oxoadipic acid(-)-epinephrine, l-tyrosine, Glutaric acid,4-hydroxynonenal, 3-hydroxyhippuric acid Benzoic, 3-hydroxy-sebacic acid, Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate, 3-methyluridine, Steroid O-sulfate, 5hydroxy-l-tryptophan, 3-Indolelactic acid, 3-indoleacetic acid, N2-acetyl-ornithine, Tiglylglycine, Indole, Cytosine, N-acetylputrescine, Indole-3-acetamide, 6-methyladenine, 5-methylcytosine, N-acryloylglycine, Hydroxyphenyllactic acid | 2018 | doi.org/10.1111/pai.12879 | ||
| Guanidoacetic acid, 1-methylnicotinamide, allantoin | 2018 | doi.org/10.1111/pai.12909 | ||
| bile acid taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate, fatty acid 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, glucoronidated steroid | 2018 | doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090185 | ||
| Aspartic acid, Stearic acid, Xanthosine, Heptadecanoic acid, Hypoxanthine, Uric acid, D-threitol, N-acetylgalactosamine | 2019 | doi.org/10.1111/resp.13479 | ||
| L-allothreonine 1, stearic acid, succinic acid, Valine, uric acid, methionine 1, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, azelaic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, purine riboside, gentiobiose 2, tyramine, leucine, D-altrose 1, malonic acid 1, cysteine, erythrose 1, lactamide 1, D-erythrosphingosine 1, citraconic acid 4 | 2020 | DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S281198 |