Table 2.

Research needs for adaptation to climate change

Primary prevention	Funding of basic, applied or clinical research in the field of immunology and allergology: allergen research, research into sensitization pathways, development and chronification of allergic diseases
	Research on protective environmental factors with regard to allergies (biodiversity, traditional lifestyle)
	Exploring the barrier function and microbiome of the skin, gut and respiratory tract
	Significance of psychosocial factors on development and manifestation of allergic diseases
	Changing atmospheric circulation patterns: impact on pollen concentration quantification
	Long-term trends in ragweed allergy in Germany
Secondary prevention	Promote studies on interaction between exposome, environmental risks and allergic diseases; better disseminate their results
	Improvement of molecular diagnostics, development of new allergen therapeutics
	Biomarkers for selection of appropriate patients and prognosis determination for specific immunotherapy (SIT)
	Response to systemic therapies under different environmental factors such as heat, UV radiation, pollen exposure
	Effects of the microbiome on allergic diseases
	Individual pollen monitoring
	Personalized early warning systems (e.g., thunderstorms for pollen allergy sufferers)