Social determinants of health encompass the environments in which people live, learn, play, and work.

Five domains of social determinants are economic stability, education, health care access, neighborhood environment, and social context.

All five domains are relevant to vision outcomes and access to eye care.

Ophthalmologists can take action on social determinants through awareness (screening for social needs), assistance (connecting patients with social care resources), adjustment (altering clinical care in recognition of social needs), alignment (understanding social assets and collaborating with community organizations), and advocacy (promoting policies to address social needs).