Table 1.
Characteristics of people who were alive on 1 April 2018 who did and did not achieve remission of diagnosed type 2 diabetes before 31 December 2019
| Not in remission | In remission | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All in remission | Without comorbidity* | With comorbidity† | ||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| People, n | 2,259,170 | 38,530 | 30,465 | 8,065 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 980,380 | 43.4 | 18,620 | 48.3 | 14,795 | 48.6 | 3,825 | 47.4 | ||
| Male | 1,278,795 | 56.6 | 19,910 | 51.7 | 15,670 | 51.4 | 4,240 | 52.6 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| <40 | 65,555 | 2.9 | 1,270 | 3.3 | 1,240 | 4.1 | 25 | 0.3 | ||
| 40–49 | 200,890 | 8.9 | 2,790 | 7.2 | 2,700 | 8.9 | 95 | 1.2 | ||
| 50–59 | 452,150 | 20.0 | 5,810 | 15.1 | 5,350 | 17.6 | 460 | 5.7 | ||
| 60–69 | 598,680 | 26.5 | 8,895 | 23.1 | 7,500 | 24.6 | 1,395 | 17.3 | ||
| 70–79 | 585,785 | 25.9 | 11,070 | 28.7 | 8,085 | 26.5 | 2,980 | 36.9 | ||
| ≥80 | 356,110 | 15.8 | 8,695 | 22.6 | 5,590 | 18.3 | 3,110 | 38.6 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 66.2 (13.1) | 68.6 (13.8) | 66.6 (14) | 76.1 (10.2) | ||||||
| Quintiles of deprivation index | ||||||||||
| Most deprived | 554,495 | 24.5 | 8,075 | 21.0 | 6,260 | 20.5 | 1,810 | 22.4 | ||
| Second most deprived | 504,825 | 22.3 | 8,185 | 21.2 | 6,450 | 21.2 | 1,735 | 21.5 | ||
| Third most deprived | 460,745 | 20.4 | 8,155 | 21.2 | 6,450 | 21.2 | 1,705 | 21.1 | ||
| Second least deprived | 406,645 | 18.0 | 7,595 | 19.7 | 6,040 | 19.8 | 1,550 | 19.2 | ||
| Least deprived | 331,810 | 14.7 | 6,510 | 16.9 | 5,255 | 17.2 | 1,260 | 15.6 | ||
| Missing | 650 | 0.03 | 10 | 0.03 | 5 | 0.02 | 5 | 0.06 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Asian | 261,060 | 11.6 | 2,785 | 7.2 | 2,465 | 8.1 | 295 | 3.7 | ||
| Black | 108,385 | 4.8 | 1,535 | 4.0 | 1,325 | 4.3 | 200 | 2.5 | ||
| Mixed | 23,345 | 1.0 | 330 | 0.9 | 285 | 0.9 | 45 | 0.6 | ||
| White | 1,511,220 | 66.9 | 27,990 | 72.6 | 21,320 | 70.0 | 6,490 | 80.5 | ||
| Other | 107,060 | 4.7 | 1,220 | 3.2 | 1,090 | 3.6 | 120 | 1.5 | ||
| Missing | 247,855 | 11.0 | 4,920 | 12.8 | 3,980 | 13.1 | 915 | 11.3 | ||
| Duration (years) | ||||||||||
| <1 | 141,620 | 6.3 | 11,690 | 30.3 | 9,910 | 32.5 | 1,780 | 22.1 | ||
| 1–2 | 267,195 | 11.8 | 7,050 | 18.3 | 5,765 | 18.9 | 1,285 | 15.9 | ||
| 3–5 | 255,040 | 11.3 | 4,740 | 12.3 | 3,770 | 12.4 | 970 | 12.0 | ||
| 5–9 | 608,535 | 26.9 | 8,125 | 21.1 | 6,215 | 20.4 | 1,910 | 23.7 | ||
| 10–14 | 507,925 | 22.5 | 4,530 | 11.8 | 3,210 | 10.5 | 1,320 | 16.4 | ||
| ≥15 | 478,505 | 21.2 | 2,385 | 6.2 | 1,590 | 5.2 | 795 | 9.9 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 9.9 (7.6) | 5.1 (5.9) | 4.8 (5.7) | 6.6 (6.6) | ||||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) in 2017/2018 | 57.3 (15.1) | 45.9 (8.1) | 46 (8.2) | 45.5 (7.6) | ||||||
| Mean change (SD) | 0.2 (11.8) | −4.1 (7.8) | −4.2 (7.9) | −3.8 (7.4) | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) in 2017/2018 | 31 (6.5) | 30.6 (6.6) | 30.9 (6.5) | 29.5 (6.5) | ||||||
| Change in BMI (%) | ||||||||||
| ≥10% reduction | 106,315 | 4.7 | 3,870 | 10.0 | 3,590 | 11.8 | 875 | 10.8 | ||
| 5–9.9% reduction | 220,725 | 9.8 | 4,130 | 10.7 | 3,930 | 12.9 | 755 | 9.4 | ||
| 0–4.9% reduction | 639,835 | 28.3 | 6,935 | 18.0 | 6,635 | 21.8 | 1,235 | 15.3 | ||
| 0.1–4.9% increase | 479,820 | 21.2 | 4,575 | 11.9 | 4,320 | 14.2 | 865 | 10.7 | ||
| ≥5% increase | 179,805 | 8.0 | 2,125 | 5.5 | 1,965 | 6.5 | 455 | 5.6 | ||
| Missing | 632,675 | 28.0 | 16,895 | 43.8 | 15,975 | 52.4 | 3,880 | 48.1 | ||
| Mean (SD) change 2017/2018 to 2018/2019 | −0.2 (8.1) | −2.5 (10.2) | −2.5 (10) | −2.2 (11) | ||||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Heart failure | 143,105 | 6.3 | 2,585 | 6.7 | — | — | 2,585 | 32.1 | ||
| Cancer | 162,090 | 7.2 | 3,180 | 8.3 | — | — | 3,180 | 39.4 | ||
| COPD | 150,135 | 6.6 | 3,115 | 8.1 | — | — | 3,115 | 38.6 | ||
| Dementia | 59,135 | 2.6 | 1,220 | 3.2 | — | — | 1,220 | 15.1 | ||
| Any comorbidity | 408,440 | 18.1 | 8,065 | 20.9 | — | — | 8,065 | 100.0 | ||
| Bariatric surgery | 1,020 | 0.05 | 370 | 0.96 | 315 | 1.03 | 55 | 0.7 | ||
| Treatment in 2017/18 | ||||||||||
| None | 179,250 | 7.9 | 18,735 | 48.6 | 15,060 | 49.4 | 3,675 | 45.6 | ||
| Metformin only | 816,900 | 36.2 | 15,675 | 40.7 | 12,430 | 40.8 | 3,240 | 40.2 | ||
| Other noninsulin glucose-lowering agents with and without metformin | 1,164,340 | 51.5 | 3,850 | 10.0 | 2,750 | 9.0 | 1,100 | 13.6 | ||
| Insulin with or without other glucose-lowering agents | 98,680 | 4.4 | 270 | 0.7 | 220 | 0.7 | 50 | 0.6 | ||
See text for definition of diabetes remission.
*
No history of a hospital admission for heart failure, cancer, COPD, or dementia between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2019.
†
History of a hospital admission for heart failure, cancer, COPD, or dementia between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2019.