Table 1.
Baseline cohort characteristics and death within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis
| Population (n = 39,616) | Deaths (n = 2,242) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | <0.01 | ||
| Male | 19,431 (49.1) | 1,310 (58.4) | |
| Female | 20,185 (50.9) | 932 (41.6) | |
| Age (years) | <0.01 | ||
| <40 | 2,728 (6.9) | 21 (1.0) | |
| 40–49 | 4,352 (11.0) | 70 (3.1) | |
| 50–59 | 8,550 (21.6) | 236 (10.5) | |
| 60–69 | 11,128 (28.1) | 524 (23.4) | |
| 70–79 | 8922 (22.5) | 801 (35.7) | |
| ≥80 | 3,936 (9.9) | 590 (26.3) | |
| Race | 0.64 | ||
| White | 21,946 (55.4) | 1,268 (56.6) | |
| Black or African American | 10,467 (26.4) | 569 (25.4) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1,098 (2.8) | 68 (3.0) | |
| Other/missing data | 6,105 (15.4) | 337 (15.0) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.01 | ||
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 31,084 (78.5) | 1,720 (76.7) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 6,396 (16.1) | 363 (16.2) | |
| Missing data | 2,136 (5.4) | 159 (7.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0.01 | ||
| <20 | 822 (2.2) | 96 (4.3) | |
| 20–24.9 | 4,526 (11.4) | 374 (16.7) | |
| 25–29.9 | 10,224 (25.8) | 639 (28.5) | |
| 30–34.9 | 10,111 (25.5) | 521 (23.2) | |
| 35–39.9 | 6,794 (17.1) | 325 (14.5) | |
| ≥40 | 7,139 (18.0) | 287 (12.8) | |
| Preexisting comorbidities | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 5,375 (13.6) | 510 (22.7) | <0.01 |
| CHF | 9,475 (23.9) | 972 (43.4) | <0.01 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 8,427 (21.3) | 712 (31.7) | <0.01 |
| Stroke | 7,060 (17.8) | 628 (28.0) | <0.01 |
| Dementia | 1,878 (4.7) | 290 (12.9) | <0.01 |
| Pulmonary disease | 12,638 (31.9) | 830 (37.0) | <0.01 |
| Mild liver disease | 6,078 (15.3) | 347 (15.4) | 0.84 |
| Severe liver disease | 1,185 (3.0) | 123 (5.5) | <0.01 |
| Renal disease | 12,300 (31.0) | 1,185 (52.8) | <0.01 |
| Cancer | 5,754 (14.5) | 476 (21.2) | <0.01 |
| HIV | 444 (1.1) | <20* | 0.07 |
| Medications | |||
| Metformin | 10,408 (26.3) | 257 (11.5) | <0.01 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 3,160 (7.9) | 80 (3.6) | <0.01 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 2,172 (5.5) | 97 (4.3) | 0.015 |
| Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor | 2,122 (5.4) | 44 (2.0) | <0.01 |
| Sulfonylurea | 3,653 (9.2) | 134 (5.9) | <0.01 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 503 (1.3) | <20* | <0.01 |
| Insulin | 11,172 (28.2) | 770 (34.3) | <0.01 |
| Severity of illness | |||
| Hospitalization | 19,401 (49.0) | 2,067 (92.2) | <0.01 |
| Invasive ventilation or ECMO | 2,779 (7.0) | 1,160 (51.7) | <0.01 |
Data are presented as n (%).
*
Cells with <20 data points were reported as <20 to avoid risk of reidentification.