Table 3.
Longitudinal associations between elevated symptoms of depression, BE, and impaired HRQOL with glycemia, blood pressure, and diabetes-related complications*
| Elevated symptoms of depression (BDI-II score ≥14) | BE | Impaired quality of life (HRQOL score <71.8) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| BMI (per 5 kg/m2)† | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 0.57 | 1.18 (1.05, 1.33) | 0.004 | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 0.04 |
| Mean HbA1c (per 1%)† | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18) | 0.04 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.09 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.16) | 0.29 |
| Mean SBP (per 10 mmHg)† | 1.17 (0.96, 1.44) | 0.12 | 0.90 (0.65, 1.26) | 0.54 | 1.28 (1.02, 1.60) | 0.03 |
| Mean DBP (per 10 mmHg)† | 1.25 (0.99, 1.57) | 0.06 | 0.89 (0.63, 1.27) | 0.55 | 1.24 (0.94, 1.65) | 0.12 |
| Hypertension† | 1.46 (1.02, 2.08) | 0.04 | 0.92 (0.57, 1.48) | 0.73 | 1.65 (1.09, 2.50) | 0.02 |
| Mean LDL (per 10 mg/dL)† | 0.99 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.68 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.74 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.97 |
| Dyslipidemia† | 0.80 (0.56, 1.14) | 0.22 | 0.98 (0.61, 1.57) | 0.94 | 0.84 (0.56, 1.26) | 0.40 |
| Microalbuminuria† | 1.11 (0.80, 1.55) | 0.54 | 1.02 (0.64, 1.61) | 0.94 | 1.03 (0.71, 1.48) | 0.89 |
| Neuropathy† | 1.23 (0.82, 1.84) | 0.31 | 0.91 (0.56, 1.48) | 0.72 | 1.30 (0.84, 2.00) | 0.24 |
| Retinopathy‡ | 1.34 (0.95, 1.91) | 0.10 | 1.07 (0.67, 1.71) | 0.78 | 1.09 (0.73, 1.61) | 0.68 |
| Retinopathy progression‡ | 1.75 (1.16, 2.64) | 0.007 | 1.30 (0.70, 2.38) | 0.40 | 1.80 (1.14, 2.84) | 0.01 |
Bolded data are statistically significant (P < 0.05).
ORs, 95% CIs, and P values from generalized estimating equations models examining the longitudinal relationship between the binary outcomes and factors and complications during TODAY2. The generalized estimating equations models are adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, sex, race/ethnicity, time-varying BMI (except in the BMI model), and highest household level of income at TODAY baseline.
Time-varying covariates. Time-weighted mean values for HbA1c, SBP, DBP, and LDL are used, representing the running means up to each visit starting since TODAY baseline.
Fixed covariates.