. 2022 May 25;9:871206. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.871206

Table 1.

Mean and standard deviation of the physiological and biophysical variables assessed in adult female buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon during the HTT.

Effects	Period 0	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3
Variable	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD
BT	38.05 ± 0.11^c	38.96 ± 0.16^a	38.38 ± 0.12^b	38.36 ± 0.12^b
RR	22 ± 2.18^b	81 ± 11.52^a	22 ± 0.83^b	20 ± 1.05^b
EST	36.17 ± 0.68^c	39.99 ± 1.07^a	37.68 ± 0.61^b	37.53 ± 0.45^b
CST	35.37 ± 0.88^c	39.89 ± 1.13^a	36.62 ± 0.73^b	36.33 ± 0.65^bc
TST	34.68 ± 0.74^c	40.59 ± 1.58^a	36.04 ± 0.74^b	35.92 ± 0.74^b
RST	34.18 ± 0.71^c	40.66 ± 0.89^a	35.61 ± 0.98^b	35.44 ± 1.38^b
FST	33.66 ± 1.03^c	39.97 ± 1.45^a	35.66 ± 1.07^b	35.08 ± 1.25^c
CompST	34.82 ± 0.76^c	40.23 ± 0.55^a	36.33 ± 0.68^b	36.06 ± 0.79^b
HS	0^b	0.0216 ± 0.0030^a	−0.0138 ± 0.0032^c	−0.0003 ± 0.0021^b
CHS	0^c	0.0649 ± 0.0091^a	0.0233 ± 0.0123^b	0.0222 ± 0.0117^b

Period 0 (shade): From 10 a.m. to 12 p.m.; Period 1 (sun): From 12 p.m. to 1 p.m.; Period 2 (shade): From 1 p.m. to 2 p.m.; Period 3 (shade): From 2 p.m. to 3 p.m.

BT, Internal body temperature (°C); RR, Respiratory rate (mov·min⁻¹); EST, Eyeball surface temperature (°C); CST, Cheek surface temperature (°C); TST, Trunk surface temperature (°C); RST, Rump surface temperature (°C), FST, Forelimb surface temperature (°C); CompST, Compound surface temperature (°C); HS, Heat storage (W·m⁻²); CHS, Cumulative heat storage (W·m⁻² h⁻¹).

^a−cMeans followed by equal lowercase letters within the row do not differ statistically by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).