Table 2.
The cargos and functions of EVs related with HCC.
| Name of the Cargo in EVs | Cargo Type | Mechanism of the Cargo | Function of the Cargo | Vivo or vitro | Cell lines | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-429 | miRNA | Targeting the RBBP4/E2F1/OCT4 axis in recipient cells, promote liver T-ICs properties | Facilitate HCC | Vitro | T-ICs | (46) |
| miR-142-3p | miRNA | Down-regulation of RAC1 | Suppressed migration of HCC | Vivo | Hepa1-6 | (166) |
| miR-221 | miRNA | Binding to the target sites in the 3’-UTR of p27/Kip1 tumor suppressor gene | Promote proliferation of HCC | Vitro | SMMC-7721 | (135) |
| miR-25 | miRNA | Attenuating p53 and enhancing FOXM1 expression | Mediate sorafenib resistance in HCC | Vitro | HepG2 | (138) |
| miRNA let7b | miRNA | Targeting proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 | Attenuates tumor inflammation | Vivo,Vitro | H22 | (136, 141) |
| miR-34a | miRNA | miR-34a was down-expressed in HCC, promoted the translation of antiapoptotic factors | Promote the conversion of CHB to HCC | Vitro | – | (139) |
| CD147 | protein | Induce upregulation of MMPs in fibroblasts, leading to extracellular matrix degradation | Promote tumoral invasion | Vitro | – | (136) |
| miR-1247-3p | miRNA | Targets B4GALT3, activate β1-integrin–NF-κB signaling, activated CAFs secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines | Promote lung migration of liver cancer | Vivo,Vitro | CSQT-2 | (143) |
| miR-103 | miRNA | Inhibiting the expression of VE-Cad, p120 and ZO-1, attenuated the endothelial junction integrity | Promote vascular permeability and metastasis | Vivo | MHCC97H | (153, 167) |
| miR-638 | miRNA | Attenuate endothelial junction integrity | Promote vascular permeability and metastasis | Vivo | HuH-7M | (168) |
| miR-93 | miRNA | Directly inhibiting the expression of TIMP2/TP53INP1/CDKN1A | Promote proliferation and metastasis of HCC | Vitro | SKHEP1 | (147) |
| miR-23a-3p | miRNA | Promotes PD-L1 expression in macrophages and inhibits T-cell function through miR-23a–PTEN–AKT signaling pathway | Promote proliferation and metastasis of HCC | Vivo,Vitro | HepG2 | (145) |
| lncRNAFAL1 | lncRNA | Competitively binding to miR-1236, indirectly up-regulated the expression of AFP and ZEB1 | Promote proliferation of HCC | Vitro | Huh7 | (5, 148) |
| IncRNA 85 | lncRNA | Targeted miR-324-5p and regulated its expression through a ceRNA mechanism | Promote proliferation and metastasis of HCC | Vitro | HepG2 | (163) |
| lncRNATUC339 | lncRNA | Excess lncTUC339 expression in macrophages promoted M(IL-4) polarization | Suppress the immune response to tumor cells | Vitro | HL-7702 | (147) |
| circUHRF1 | circRNA | Upregulate TIM-3 expression and suppress the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α | Inhibit NK cell function | Vivo | SMMC-7721 | (169) |
| Vps4A | protein | PI3K/Akt pathway was inactivated by Vps4A-overexpression | Inhibit the growth and metastasis of HCC | Vivo | Hep3B | (159) |
| CFH | protein | Increase the production of C3a and C5a | Promote proliferation and metastasis of HCC | Vivo,Vitro | Huh7 | (151) |