Table 3.

EVs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC.

Classification		Biomarkers	Expression	Species	Type of biological fluid	AUROC	Clinical significance	Refs
m/lEvs		AnnexinV+EpCAM+ASPGR1+CD133+taMPs	↑	Human	serum	0.7439	Diagnosis of HCC/CCA from LC	(225)
		EpCAM+AnnexinV +ASGPR1+taMPs	↑	Human	serum	0.7322	Diagnosis of HCC/CCA from LC	(225)
		Total m/lEVs of peripheral blood	↑	Human	serum	0.83	Diagnosis of E-HCC from LC (TNM stage I)	(226)
sEVs	microRNA	miR-148a	↑	Human	serum	0.871	Diagnosis of HCC from NC Diagnosis of E-HCC from LC	(227)
						0.860
		miR-122	↑	Human	serum	0.990	Diagnosis of HCC from NC Diagnosis of E-HCC from LC	(227)
						0.795
		miR-1246	↑	Human	serum	0.825	Diagnosis of HCC from NC Diagnosis of E-HCC from LC	(227)
						0.761
		miR-638	↑	Human	serum	——	Associated with tumor recurrence, As a prognostic marker	(228)
		miR-125b	↑	Human	serum	0.739	Prediction of recurrence and survival	(229)
		miR-93	↑	Human	serum	0.825	The prognosis and diagnosis of HCC	(147)
		miR-665	↑	Human,	serum	——	Diagnosis and prognosis of HCC	(230)
				Mice
		miR-92b	↑	Human,	serum	0.702	Prediction of E-HCC relapse after LDLT	(231)
				Rats
		miR-21	↑	Human	serum	——	Detection of E-HCC, Prognostic marker	(232)
		miR-718	↑	Human	serum	——	Prediction of HCC relapse after LDLT	(233)
		miR-21-5p	↑	Human	serum	0.71	Diagnosis of HCC from LC	(234)
		miR-21, miR-10b	↑	Human,	serum	——	Prognostic markers of E-HCC	(235)
				Mice
		miR-18a, miR221, miR-222, miR224	↑	Human	serum	——	Diagnosis of HCC from LC/CHB	(223)
		miR-101, miR106b, miR-122, miR-195	↑	Human	serum	——	Diagnosis of HCC from CHB	(223)
		miR-122, miR148a, miR-1246	↑	Human	serum	——	Diagnosis of HCC from LC	(227)
		miRNA-519d, miR-595, miR-939	↑	Human	serum	——	Diagnosis of HCC from LC	(222)
		miR-10b-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-21-5p	↑	Human	plasma	0.86	Diagnosis of HCC from CH or LC	(234)
	lncRNA	lncRNA-HEIH	↑	Human	serum	——	Diagnosis of HCV-associated HCC from CHC	(236)
		LINC02394	↑	Human	serum	0.719	Diagnosis of HCC from CHB	(237)
		LINC00635	↑	Human	serum	0.750	Diagnosis of HCC from CHB	(237)
		LINC00161	↑	Human	serum	0.794	Prediction of HCC growth and metastasis	(238)
		IncRNA-ATB	↑	Human	serum	——	The prognosis of HCC	(239)
		Lnc85	↑	Human	plasma	0.869	Diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC from healthy controls and LC	(163)
		SENP3-EIF4A1	↑	Human,Mice	plasma	0.8028	The diagnosis of HCC	(160)
	circRNA	circFBLIM1	↑	Human,Mice	serum	——	The therapeutic target of HCC	(149)
		circ-0051443	↑	Human,Mice	plasma	0.8089	The diagnosis and therapeutic target of HCC	(161)
		circRNA-100338	↑	Human,Mice	serum	——	The diagnosis and therapeutic target of HCC	(240)
		circUHRF1	↑	Human,Mice	plasma	——	The therapeutic target of HCC	(169)
		circ-DB	↑	Human,Mice	adipocyte	——	The prognosis of HCC	(202)
	proteins	LAPTM4B-35	↑	Human	serum	——	Prediction of recurrence and diagnosis of HCC	(241)
		SMAD3	↑	Human,Mice	peripheral blood	0.70	The diagnosis of HCC	(242)
		RAB5A	↑	Human	serum	——	The diagnosis and therapeutic target of HCC	(243)
		ENO1	↑	Human,Mice	serum	——	The prognosis of HCC	(244)
	Other combinations	miR-122, miR-148a, AFP	↑	Human	serum	0.931	Diagnosis of HCC from LC	(227)
		SMAD3+ATP	↑	Human,Mice	peripheral blood	0.90	The diagnosis of HCC	(242)
		lncRNA-RP11-513I15.6, miR-1262/RAB11A	↑	Human	serum	——	Diagnosis of E-HCC from CHB	(245)
		miRNA-21, lncRNA-ATB	↑	Human	serum	——	The prognosis of HCC, overall survival	(239)
		ENSG00000258332.1, LINC00635, AFP	↑	Human	serum	0.894	The diagnosis and prognosis of HCC	(237)
		AFP、ENST00000248932.1, ENST00000440688.1, ENST00000457302.2	↑	Human	plasma	0.905 0.879	Predict the probability of HCC in the cancer‐free groups Predict the probability of HCC in the CH groups	(246)
Total EVs		Total EV	↑	Human	serum	0.83	Detection of HCC	(225)
		AFP, GPC3, ALB, APOH, FABP1, FGB, FGG, AHSG, RBP4, TF	↑	Human	plasma	0.93	Diagnosis of E-HCC from LC	(247)
		LINC00853	↑	Human	serum	0.956	Diagnosis of E-HCC from CH、LC	(248)