Table 4.
EVs-associated proteins as biomarkers of liver disease.
| Liver disease | Biomarkers | Types | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) | ASGPR1+ | Protein | A surrogate noninvasive biomarker of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhotic NASH. | (267) |
| CD4+ | Protein | Biomarkers of nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)and CHC | (268) | |
| Toxic acute liver injury | Apolipoprotein A-1 | Protein | Tentative hepatotoxic markers during hepatic damage | (269) |
| Carboxylesterase-1 | Protein | Hepatotoxic markers during hepatic damage | (269) | |
| Carboxylesterase-3 | Protein | Non-invasive indicator of drug toxicity | (270) | |
| CCA | AnnexinV+EpCAM+ASGPR1+CD133+ taMPs | – | A novel biomarker of HCC and CCA liquid biopsy | (225) |
| MMP-7 | Protein | Biomarkers for the diagnosis of CCA | (271) | |
| Liver fibrosis | CD8+ | Protein | A biomarker for liver fibrosis | (272) |
| CD14+ | Protein | A tamps biomarker for liver fibrosis | (273) | |
| Alcoholic steatohepatitis(ASH) | CYP450-2E1 | Cytochrome | A potential biomarker for liver injury | (274) |
| CD40L | Protein | A potential biomarker for ASH | (275) | |
| Alcoholic hepatitis | CD34+ ASGPR | Protein | Biomarkers of alcoholic hepatitis | (276) |
| CK18 | Protein | Biomarkers of alcoholic hepatitis | (277) |