Table 3.

Artificial Intelligence System Use Environment

Use Case Setting	Description
Home	AI system is used by the patient, and the patient images himself or herself without clinician or other operator assistance, or imaging is carried out by the general home health care provider. The output may be provided to the user (patient or home health care provider) or may be provided to a remote clinician.
Nonspecialist (primary care or other nonophthalmologist)	AI system is used by clinicians and operators, who have minimal experience with imaging the eye or the evaluations of ocular images or other input. The specific interpretation of the image may be important for that clinician to manage the patient in the context of a disease—e.g., evaluation of fundus photographs for presence of diabetic retinopathy while managing diabetes—or to determine the presence or severity of a systemic disease or disease in another organ system than that being managed, such as determining neurologic disease from retinal images.
Specialist (ophthalmologist or other eye care provider)	AI system is used by clinicians and operators who have experience with ocular imaging and with evaluation of ocular images, but not necessarily with the specific AI output. An example is an AI system for retinal vessel analysis that outputs vascular beading or caliber metrics.

AI = artificial intelligence.