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Fig. 4. Environmental effects on GPIbα binding to 1238-A1 and 1261H-A1 in the absence or presence of N-AIM sequence Q1238–E1260. (a) and (b) The same environmental treatments in protein preparations were used as those in Fig. 3b. Plots of bond lifetime vs. force of GPIbα bonds with 1261H-A1 (a) and 1238-A1 (b) are generated and presented. Prior to the bond lifetime measurements, VWF-A1 beads were under the following treatments: no treatment (black circle); low temperature, frozen under −80 °C overnight and then thawed (red triangle); and high pH level (9.6) incubation with an adjusted Tyrode buffer (blue square).