Table 4.

The association between the households food security and the demographic, socioeconomic variables (n=1167)

Variables	B (SE)	Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Wald Statistics	P-Value a
Proxy gender
Male (Ref)	0.19(0.21)	Ref	0.76	0.38
Female		1.20 (0.79–1.85)
Age (years)	0.009 (0.01)	1.009 (0.99–1.02)	0.98	0.32
Governorates
North Gaza (Ref)	-0.02 (0.44)	Ref	0.002	0.96
Gaza	0.43 (0.32)	0.97 (0.40–2.35)	1.87	0.17
Middle-Area	0.37 (0.42)	1.55 (0.82–2.90)	0.77	0.37
Khanyounis	0.70 (0.34)	1.45 (0.63–3.37)	4.15	0.04*
Rafah		2.02 (1.02–3.98)
Living area
City (Ref)	0.64 (0.39)	Ref	2.60	0.10
Village	-0.27 (0.40)	1.89(0.89–4.13)	0.48	0..48
Camp		0.75 (0.34–1.65)
Educational level
Illiterate (Ref)	0.21 (0.98)	Ref	0.04	0.82
Primary	-0.07 (0.83)	1.23(0.18–8.50)	0.008	0.92
Preparatory	0.49(0.81)	0.92(0.18–4.72)	0.36	0.54
Secondary	0.01 (0.81)	1.63 (0.33–8.06)	0.001	0.98
University		1.01 (0.20–4.97)
Family Members	-0.01 (0.03)	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.13	0.71
Monthly income (NIS)a
Less than 1000	0.70 (0.34)	2.00 (1.04–2.75)	16.83	<0.001*
1000 to 2000	-2.29 (0.33)	0.10(0.05–0.19)	46.82	<0.001*
2001 to 3000	-3.55 (0.27)	0.02 (0.01–0.04)	0.48	0.03*
More than 3000 (Ref)		Ref
Receive food aids
Yes (Ref)	-0.24(0.18)	Ref	1.67	0.19
No		0.78(0.54–1.13)
Homeownership
Owned (Ref)	0.85 (0.26)	Ref	10.25	0.001*
Rented		2.36(1.39–3.99)
Work status
Have work (Ref)	0.13(0.27)	Ref	0.24	0.04*
Do not have work		1.14(0.66–1.97)
Marital status
Married (Ref)	-0.87 (0.48)	Ref	3.24	0.07
Divorced	-0.31 (0.55)	0.41(0.16–1.08)	0.32	0.56
Widowed		0.73(0.24–2.14)

Statistical testing using logistic regression. Ref=Reference category; COR=Denotes crude odds ratio using 95% confidence interval in univariate logistic regression analysis; CI=Confidence interval; B= slop; NIS: New Israeli Shekel.

^*Difference is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)