Cell-autonomous responses to infection. Examples of two canonical immune responses to infection, in the epidermis following infection by the fungus D. coniospora (Pujol et al., 2008a), and in the intestine by the bacterium P. aeruginosa (Troemel et al., 2006). Defence gene induction is observed with the transcriptional reporters, nlp-29p::GFP (left, epidermis) and irg-5p::GFP (right, intestine), the worms are visualised with an constitutive epidermal red fluorescent reporter (left) and in bright field (right).