Figure 11:

Latency to earn an AV reinforcer increased in both the punished and unpunished contexts equally in nicotine- and saline-treated rats. (A) In contrast to observations from testing with RMF administration, the latency to earn an AV reinforcer increased across sessions in the unpunished context following punishment in the alternate context. (B) The latency to earn an AV reinforcer increased in the punished context equally in nicotine- and saline-treated rats. (C) Similarly, the latency to earn the first foot-shock increased equally in nicotine- and saline-treated rats.