Table 3.
Results of multivariable panel regression models
| Primary care visits |
Continuity of care (MMCI - people with 3+ visits) |
ED visits | Specialist referrals | Prescriptions dispensed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate ratio (95% CI) | ß (95% CI) | Rate ratio (95% CI) | Rate ratio (95% CI) | Rate ratio (95% CI) | |
| Urban | |||||
| Intercepta | 4.49 (4.47-4.52) | 60.0 (59.9-60.2) | 0.103 (0.101-0.105) | 0.161 (0.159-0.164) | 1.97 (1.95-1.98) |
| Time (average annual change) | 0.989 (0.989-0.990) | -0.24 (-0.25- -0.23) | 1.014 (1.013-1.015) | 0.987 (0.986-0.988) | 1.01 (1.01-1.011) |
| Neighborhood Income quintile (reference is highest) | |||||
| 1 (lowest) | 1.11 (1.10-1.12) | 1.61 (1.45-1.77) | 1.14 (1.12-1.17) | 1.08 (1.07-1.09) | 1.07 (1.06-1.08) |
| 2 | 1.08 (1.07-1.09) | 1.16 (1.01-1.32) | 1.06 (1.05-1.08) | 1.07 (1.06-1.08) | 1.04 (1.04-1.05) |
| 3 | 1.06 (1.05-1.07) | 0.54 (0.38-0.70) | 1.05 (1.04-1.07) | 1.06 (1.05-1.08) | 1.02 (1.02-1.03) |
| 4 | 1.03 (1.03-1.04) | -0.01 (-0.17-0.15) | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | 1.03 (1.02-1.04) | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) |
| Relative change in service use from 1999/2000 to 2017/8 (reference is highest income quintile) | |||||
| 1 | 0.881 (0.872-0.890) | -0.92 (-1.18- -0.66) | 1.06 (1.03-1.09) | 0.711 (0.696-0.726) | 0.924 (0.916-0.933) |
| 2 | 0.924 (0.915-0.933) | 0.10 (-0.16-0.36) | 1.05 (1.03-1.07) | 0.772 (0.756-0.788) | 0.955 (0.946-0.963) |
| 3 | 0.938 (0.929-0.947) | 0.38 (0.12-0.64) | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | 0.820 (0.803-0.838) | 0.972 (0.963-0.981) |
| 4 | 0.960 (0.951-0.969) | 0.57 (0.30-0.83) | 1.01 (0.98-1.03) | 0.889 (0.871-0.908) | 0.992 (0.983-1.001) |
| Rural/remote | |||||
| Intercepta | 4.65 (4.62-4.68) | 62.2 (62.0-62.3) | 0.173 (0.171-0.176) | 0.111 (0.110-0.113) | 2.12 (2.11-2.13) |
| Time (average annual change) | 0.988 (0.988-0.989) | -0.22 (-0.23- -0.21) | 1.016 (1.016-1.017) | 0.992 (0.991-0.992) | 1.009 (1.009-1.010) |
| Income quintile (reference is highest) | |||||
| 1 (lowest) | 0.998 (0.992-1.003) | 1.19 (1.04-1.34) | 0.997 (0.986-1.009) | 1.07 (1.06-1.09) | 1.009 (1.004-1.014) |
| 2 | 0.983 (0.978-0.988) | -0.05 (-0.20-0.10) | 0.978 (0.967-0.989) | 1.11 (1.10-1.13) | 0.988 (0.984-0.993) |
| 3 | 0.991 (0.985-0.996) | -0.69 (-0.84- -0.54) | 0.977 (0.967-0.988) | 1.10 (1.09-1.11) | 0.990 (0.985-0.994) |
| 4 | 0.987 (0.982-0.992) | -0.47 (-0.62- -0.33) | 0.977 (0.966-0.987) | 1.04 (1.03-1.05) | 0.991 (0.986-0.995) |
| Relative change in service use from 1999/2000 to 2017/8 (reference is highest income quintile) | |||||
| 1 | 0.998 (0.989-1.008) | -1.86 (-2.12- -1.60) | 1.09 (1.07-1.11) | 0.981 (0.960-1.003) | 0.991 (0.983-0.999) |
| 2 | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | -0.31 (-0.56- -0.05) | 1.06 (1.04-1.08) | 0.915 (0.896-0.935) | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) |
| 3 | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | 1.20 (0.95-1.45) | 1.05 (1.03-1.06) | 0.905 (0.886-0.924) | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) |
| 4 | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | 0.13 (-0.12-0.37) | 1.04 (1.03-1.06) | 0.994 (0.973-1.015) | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) |
aReflecting healthy female age 20-29. All models controlled for age, sex/gender, an interaction term between age and sex/gender, and Charlson index. Models of ED visits included a dummy variable to capture a change in location coding in 2006/7 that resulted in a one-time increase in the identification of ED visits