Table 1.

Baseline clinical characteristics of 112 patients treated for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia using HTS.

		n
Mean age ± s.d. (years)	66.38 ± 16.04	112
Weight ± s.d. (kg)	68.88 ± 16.30	105
Height ± s.d. (m2)	1.67 ± 0.09	102
BMI ± s.d. (kg/m2)	24.80 ± 5.62	102
Sex	Females= 61; males =51	112
Mean Na+ at baseline ± s.d. (mmol/L)	113.82 ± 6.41	112
Mean number of Na+ readings in first 24 h after infusion ± s.d.	3.71 ± 1.84	112
Aetiology		112
SIAD	30 (26.8%)
SIAD and drug-induced	36 (32.1%)
Hypovolemia	12 (10.7%)
Hypovolemia and drug-induced	11 (9.8%)
Drug-induced only	10 (8.9%)
Hypervolemia	6 (5.4%)
Others	2 (1.8%)
Unknown	5 (4.5%)
Symptoms
Acute confusion (%)	55 (49.1%)	112
Seizures (%)	27 (24.1%)	112
Reduced consciousness (%)	26 (23.2%)	112
Vomiting (%)	27 (24.1%)	112
Biochemical severity of hyponatraemia only (%)	20 (17.9%)	112
Location
Ward (%)	72 (67%)	112
High dependency or intensive care units (%)	14 (12.5%)	112
A&E (%)	23 (20.5%)	112
Number of boluses
1 (%)	42 (37.5%)	112
2 (%)	43 (38.4%)	112
3 or more (%)	27 (24.1%)	112
History of alcohol excess (%)	33 (29.5%)	112
Underweight (%)	9 (8.0%)	112
Length of stay (days)	15.7 ± 14.7	112
Overcorrection treatment
Use of desmopressin (%)	5 (4.5%)	112
Use of dextrose (%)	20 (17.9%)	112
Investigations
Serum osmolality (%)	110 (98.2%)	112
Urine osmolality and Na (%)	103 (92%)	112
Cortisol (%)	97 (86.6%)	112
TSH (%)	103 (92%)	112
Aetiology-specific treatment (%)	110 (98.2%)
Type of specific treatment
Fluid restriction (%)	75 (67.0%)	112
Intravenous normal saline (%)	38 (33.9%)	112
Hold-offending drugs (%)	57 (50.9%)	112
Tolvaptan (%)	1 (0.9%)	112
Demeclocycline (%)	4 (3.6%)	112
Slow sodium tablets (%)	12 (10.7%)	112
Specialist endocrine opinion (%)	92 (82.1%)	112
Type of hypertonic saline
2.7% (%)	109 (97.3%)	112
1.8% (%)	3 (2.7%)	112

A&E, Accident and Emergency department; BMI, body mass index; SIAD, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.