Table 2.

Characteristics of responders vs overcorrectors and non-responders at 24 h. (responders = achieving sodium rise between 5 and 10 mmol/L at 24 h, overcorrectors= achieving sodium rise >10 mmol/L at 24 h, and non-responder= achieving sodium rise <5 mmol/L at 24 h).

	Responders (n  = 44) (A)	Overcorrectors (n  = 48) (B)	P value (A and B)	Non-responders n =15 (C)	P value (A and C)
Mean age ± s.d. (years)	72.23 ± 15.24	60.17 ± 13.47	0.237	70.02 ± 16.64	0.637
Weight ± s.d. (kg)	71.28 ± 15.64	67.23 ± 17.72	0.179	67.34 ± 15.36	0.414
Height ± s.d. (m2)	1.66 ± 0.08	1.68 ± 0.10	0.090	1.66 ± 0.10	0.415
BMI ± s.d. (kg/m2)	26.17 ± 5.62	23.79 ± 5.58	0.741	24.45 ± 6.03	0.336
Sex	Females= 26 Males= 18	Females= 24 Males= 24	0.382	Females= 9 Males= 6	0.951
Mean Na+ at baseline ± s.d. (mmol/L)	113.7 ± 5.82	112.31 ± 6.37	0.381	116.27 ± 5.63	0.143
Mean number of Na+ readings in first 24 h after infusion ± s.d.	3.68 ± 1.57	3.94 ± 1.77	0.918	3.53 ± 2.56	0.790
Aetiology
SIAD	14 (31.8%)	12 (25%)	0.206	4 (26.7%)	0.384
SIAD and drug-induced	16 (36.4%)	13 (27.1%)		7 (46.7%)
Hypovolemia	3 (6.8%)	5 (10.4%)		2 (13.3%)
Hypovolemia and drug-induced	5 (11.4%)	6 (12.5%)		0 (0%)
Drug-induced only	2 (4.5%)	6 (12.5%)		0 (0%)
Hypervolemia	4 (9.1%)	1 (2.1%)		1 (6.7%)
Others	0 (0%)	2 (4.2%)		0 (0%)
Unknown	0 (0%)	3 (6.3%)		1 (6.7%)
Length of stay (days)	18.4 ± 15.4	11.4 ± 9.1	0.022	21.53 ± 19.95	0.527
Symptoms
Acute confusion (%)	22 (50%)	24 (50%)	1.000	6 (40%)	0.203
Seizures (%)	7 (15.9%)	18 (37.5%)	0.020	1 (6.7%)	0.161
Reduced consciousness (%)	11 (25%)	13 (27.1%)	0.820	0 (0%)	0.028
Vomiting (%)	11 (25%)	10 (20.8%)	0.634	5 (33%)	0.168
Biochemical severity of hyponatraemia only (%)	10 (22.7%)	8 (16.7%)	0.464	2 (13.3%)	0.180
Location
Ward (%)	29 (65.9%)	28 (58.4%)	0.426	14 (93.3%)	0.136
High dependency or intensive care units (%)	4 (9.1%)	10 (20.8%)		0 (0%)
A&E (%)	11 (25%)	10 (20.8%)		1 (6.7%)
Number of boluses
1 (%)	12 (27.3%)	21 (43.8%)	0.461	5 (33.3%)	0.518
2 (%)	20 (45.5%)	18 (37.5%)		5 (33.3%)
3 or more (%)	12 (31.9%)	9 (18.8%)		5 (33.3%)
History of alcohol excess (%)	10 (22.7%)	18 (37.5%)	0.124	3 (20%)	0.826
Underweight (%)	2 (4.5%)	5 (10.4%)	0.289	2 (13.3%)	0.242
Overcorrection treatment
Use of desmopressin (%)	0 (0%)	5 (10.4%)	0.028	0 (0%)	N/A
Use of dextrose (%)	5 (11.4%)	15 (31.3%)	0.021	0 (0%)	0.172
Specialist endocrine opinion (%)	34 (77.3%)	45 (93.8%)	0.023	11 (73.3%)	0.757
Death during same admission	2 (4.5%)	1 (2.1%)	0.507	3 (20%)	0.063
12-month mortality	8 (18.2%)	8 (16.7%)	0.848	3 (20%)	0.876

A&E, accident and emergency department; SIAD, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Bold indicates statistical significance, P < 0.05.