Table 1:

Baseline characteristics of original study population

	ST (n=548)	MI (n=573)	p-value
Age	61.6 ± 0.67	57.8 ± 0.58	<0.0001
BMI	26.5 ± 0.25	25.2 ± 0.17	<0.0001
Cerebrovascular accident	49 (8.9%)	23 (4.0%)	0.001
COPD	45 (8.2%)	26 (4.5%)	0.012
Creatinine	1.24 ± 0.06	0.98 ± 0.02	<0.0001
Current congestive heart failure	162 (29.6%)	88 (15.4%)	<0.001
Current smoker	21 (3.83%)	22 (3.84%)	0.995
Diabetes	54 (9.9%)	32 (5.6%)	0.007
Ejection fraction %	48.3 ± 0.55	52.0 ± 0.40	<0.0001
Gender (male)	256 (46.7%)	309 (53.9%)	0.016
Hepatic failure	2 (0.36%)	1 (0.17%)	0.646
History of endocarditis	6 (1.09%)	16 (2.79%)	0.051
History of ventricular arrhythmias	5 (0.91%)	4 (0.70%)	0.748
Immune system deficiency	30 (5.5%)	12 (2.1%)	0.003
Intra-aortic balloon pump	6 (1.09%)	0	0.013
Peripheral vascular disease	11 (2.01%)	4 (0.70%)	0.070
Previous myocardial infarction	7 (1.28%)	2 (0.35%)	0.101
Previous surgery	145 (26.5%)	34 (5.9%)	<0.001
Renal failure or dialysis	26 (4.7%)	2 (0.35%)	<0.001
Vasodilatory shock (pre-operative)	10 (1.82%)	1 (0.17%)	0.005

MI: minimally invasive; ST: sternotomy