Table 4.
Adjusted associations between parent and child screen use characteristics with the child’s persistent requesting to use screen media.
| Outcome: Persistent requesting (n=110) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 Adjusted for child’s screen device use | Model 2 Adjusted for child’s screen activity use | |
| PRR (95% CI) | PRR (95% CI) | |
|
| ||
| Child screen media characteristics | ||
| Child’s total screen use, hours per day1 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) |
| Screen devices the child uses | ||
| Traditional TV | 0.74 (0.48, 1.16) | -- |
| Smartphone | 1.57 (1.11, 2.22)* | -- |
| Touchscreen tablet | 0.93 (0.66, 1.30) | -- |
| Kid’s-specific touchscreen tablet2 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | -- |
| Desktop, laptop computer or "netbook" | 0.85 (0.59, 1.24) | -- |
| Video game console or hand-held device | 1.20 (0.84, 1.71) | -- |
| Screen activities the child engages with | ||
| Watch TV programs or movies | -- | 1.20 (0.78, 1.84) |
| Play or engaged with “apps” | -- | 1.03 (0.71, 1.50) |
| Watch online videos or clips | -- | 2.05 (1.40, 3.00)‡ |
| Play video games on the Internet | -- | 0.97 (0.60, 1.58) |
| Rules for child’s screen time | ||
| No rules, or not consistently enforced | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Rules that are enforced most of the time | 0.84 (0.60, 1.18) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.2) |
| Rules for child’s screen content accessed | ||
| No rules, or not consistently enforced | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Rules that are enforced most of the time | 0.97 (0.61, 1.55) | 1.00 (0.63, 1.60) |
| Parent screen media characteristics | ||
| Parent’s daily screen use excluding social media | ||
| 4.8 or less hours per day | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 4.8 to 9 hours per day | 0.82 (0.56, 1.2) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.19) |
| 9 or more hours per day | 0.91 (0.58, 1.42) | 0.96 (0.62, 1.47) |
| Parent’s daily social media use | ||
| 1.3 or less hours per day | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 1.3 to 3.0 hours per day | 1.56 (1.00, 2.44)* | 1.57 (0.99, 2.48) |
| 3.0 or more hours per day | 2.03 (1.24, 3.33)† | 2.08 (1.26, 3.43) † |
| Household chaos 1 | ||
| Least chaotic | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Mid chaotic | 1.12 (0.73, 1.71) | 1.13 (0.74, 1.74) |
| Most chaotic | 1.43 (0.95, 2.13) | 1.54 (1.05, 2.27)* |
P<0.05
P<0.01
P<0.001
PRR: Prevalence risk ratio.
Among 383 parents of preschool-age children who used any screen media in the past three months; parents were recruited nationally via social media for an online survey. Persistent requesting includes “bothersome” or “very bothersome” requesting to use media devices versus no requesting or requesting that is “not bothersome at all” or “a little bothersome.” Each model was also adjusted for child age, gender, ethnicity and race; parent education and annual household income.
Children’s total screen use is the sum of watching TV programs or movies, playing apps, watching online videos or clips and playing Internet video games.