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. 2022 Feb 15;17(1):2034270. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2034270

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — ROS and calcium are required for Pep1-induced callose and lignin depositions. (a and b) Pep1 induces H₂O₂ production through RBOHD and RBOHF in roots. One-week-old plate-grown seedlings of indicated genotypes were treated with H₂O, 1 μM Pep1, or a combination of 1 μM Pep1 and 10 μM DPI, H₂O₂ in root tips were detected through H₂DCF-DA staining. Bars = 200 μm. (c and d) Pep1-induced callose and lignin depositions through RBOHD/F. One-week-old plate-grown seedlings of indicated genotypes were treated with 1 μM Pep1 or a combination of 1 μM Pep1 and 10 μM DPI, callose and lignin were stained post 24 hours induction. Bars = 200 μm. (e and f) Pep1-induced lignin deposition is regulated by calcium channels. One-week-old plate-grown seedlings of indicated genotypes were treated with 1 μM Pep1 or a combination of 1 μM Pep1 and 1 mM LaCl₃ or 10 mM EGTA, callose or lignin were stained post 24-hour treatment. Quantification data of ROS, callose, and lignin in b, d, and f, were indicated as means of intensity unit from each repeat. Significant differences were shown by different letters (Student’s t-test, n ≥ 8). The experiment was repeated three times with similar results.