JA and ET oppositely regulate Pep1-induced callose and lignin depositions. (a and b) Pep1-induced callose and lignin depositions are abolished in coi1 but enhanced in ein2. One-week-old plate-grown seedlings of indicated genotypes were treated with H2O or 1 μM Pep1 for 24 hours, followed by callose or lignin staining. Bar = 200 μm. (c–e) Pep1-regulated expression of PROPEP1 (d), PEPR2 (e) and VSP2 (f) is attenuated in myc2/3/4 but enhanced in ein3/eil1. One-week-old seedlings of indicated genotypes were treated with 1 μM Pep1, mRNA was isolated for RT-qPCR analysis of gene transcription levels 3 (d and e) or 24 (f) hours post treatment. Different letters indicate a significant difference with others (P < .01, n.s., no significant differences, Student’s t-test, n = 3). (f and g) Pep1-induced H2O2 production is attenuated in coi1 but enhanced in ein2. One-week-old plate-grown seedlings were treated with 1 μM Pep1, H2O2 in root tips were detected through H2DCF-DA staining. Bar = 200 μm. Quantification data of ROS, callose, and lignin in b, d, and f were indicated as means of intensity unit from each repeat. Significant differences were shown by different letters (Student’s t-test, n ≥ 8). The experiments were repeated three times with similar results.