Table 2.
Study characteristics.
| Author(s) and year, country | Study design | Sample description | Child age (mean) | Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basili et al. (2021), Italy, Colombia, and United States | Longitudinal | 376 families | 12–16 (13.70) | Depression and Anxiety: YSR (CR) Parenting: PPC (PR) |
| Cai and Tu (2020), United States | Longitudinal | 100 adolescent boys and their mothers at time 1 | Range not reported (11.05) | Depression: CDI (CR) Anxiety: SASA (CR) Parenting: PBI* (PR) |
| Cho et al. (2020), Korea | Cross-sectional | 233 adolescents and their mothers | 13–15 (not reported) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Parenting: MPSS (PR and CR) |
| Cui et al. (2014), United States | Cross-sectional | 206 families with adolescent from disadvantaged communities | 10–18 (13.37) | Depression: MFQ-C (CR) Parenting: PCS-YSR (CR) |
| Cui et al. (2019), United States and Finland | Cross-sectional | 747 university students from US and Finland | US (20.45) Finland (22.86) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Anxiety: BAI (CR) Parenting: HPS (CR) |
| Darlow et al. (2017), United States | Cross-sectional | 294 students | 18–26 (not reported) | Depression and Anxiety: IPIP (CR) Parenting: PCS (CR), HPS (CR) |
| Finkelstein et al. (2001), United States | Cross-sectional | 111 adolescent girls seeking outpatient mental health services | 12–18 (15.65) | Depression: YSR (CR) Parenting: CRPBI (CR) |
| Finkenauer et al. (2005), Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 1,359 adolescents | 10–14 (12.3) | Depression: YSR (CR), KDS (CR) Parenting: PSI (CR) |
| Gargurevich and Soenens (2016), Peru | Cross-sectional | 292 late adolescents | 16–25 (18.67) | Depression: DEAQ-A (CR), CES-D (CR) Parenting: CRPBI (CR), DAPCS (CR) |
| Goger et al. (2020), Unites States | Cross-sectional | 125 university students | 18–25 (18.76) | Anxiety: STAI-T (CR) Parenting: CRPBI (CR) |
| Hong and Cui (2019) | Cross-sectional | 432 college students | 18–29 (20.21) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Anxiety: BAI (CR) Parenting: OPS (CR) |
| Heider et al. (2008), Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain | Cross-sectional | 8,813 adults recruited from the ESEMeD study | 18–65+ (47.3) | Anxiety: WMH-CIDI (CR) Parenting: PBI (CR) |
| Inguglia et al. (2016), Italy and United States | Cross-sectional | 908 college students | 18–28 Italy (22.11) USA (21.05) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Anxiety: STAI (CR) Parenting: DAPCS (CR) |
| Klein et al. (2020), Germany | Cross-sectional | 8,175 participants from a population based study | Range not reported (59.8) | Depression: PHQ (CR) Anxiety: GAD (CR) Parenting: FEE (CR) |
| Knappe et al. (2012), Germanya | Longitudinal | 1,053 adolescents and their parents | 14–24 at baseline (not reported) | Anxiety: M-CIDI (CR) Parenting: FEE (CR) |
| Kouros et al. (2017), United States | Cross-sectional | 118 college students | 18-25 (19.82) | Anxiety: IDAS (CR) Parenting: HPBQ (CR) |
| Kullberg et al. (2021), Netherlandsb | Cross-sectional | 636 participants from 256 families. Of each family at least one person with lifetime anxiety and/or depression diagnosis and one sibling. Sample from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study | 20-78 (49.7) | Depression: IDS-SR (CR) Anxiety: BAI (CR) Parenting: PBI (CR) |
| Kullberg et al. (2020), Netherlandsb | Cross-sectional | 2,069 adults with a lifetime affective disorder and healthy controls | 26–75 (50.84) | Depression: CIDI (CR), IDS (CR) Anxiety: CIDI (CR), BAI (CR) Parenting: PBI (CR) |
| LeMoyne and Buchanan (2011), United States | Cross-sectional | 317 college students | Range not reported (19.1) | Parenting: HPS (CR) |
| Levitt et al. (2020), United States | Cross-sectional | 117 5th and 6th grade students | Range not reported (11.07) | Depression: CDI (CR) Anxiety: RCMAS (CR) Parenting: P-PASS (CR), PCQ (CR), CRPBI (CR) |
| Lieb et al. (2000), Germanya | Cross-sectional | 1,228 adolescents and one of their parents | 14–17 (19.7) | Anxiety: M-CIDI (CR) Parenting: FEE (CR) |
| Luebbe et al. (2018), United States | Cross-sectional | 337 university students | 17–25 (18.85) | Anxiety and Depression: DASS (CR) Parenting: HP (CR), PBI (CR), PCS-YRS (CR) |
| Luis et al. (2008), United States and Mexico | Cross-sectional | 282 children and their parents | 10–14 (not reported) | Anxiety: RCMAS (CR) Parenting: Family discussion task (RR) |
| Mandara and Pikes (2008), United States | Cross-sectional | 152 African American adolescents with lower socioeconomic status | 14–18 (17.5) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Parenting: CRPBI (CR), BFPPQ (CR) |
| Moilanen and Lynn Manuel (2019), United States | Cross-sectional | 302 young adults | 18–24 (21.57) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Parenting: HPQ (CR), CRPBI (CR) |
| Overbeek et al. (2007), Netherlands | Longitudinal | 4,796 adults whom had participated in a three wave large-scale epidemiological study | 18–64 (41.2) | Anxiety and Depression: CIDI (CR) Parenting: PBI (CR) |
| Reed et al. (2016), United States | Cross-sectional | 461 university students | 18–25 (19.66) | Anxiety: BAI (CR) Depression: CES-D (CR) Parenting: HPBM (CR) |
| Reilly and Semkovska (2018), Ireland | Cross-sectional | 208 university students | Range not reported (23.36) | Depression: BDI (CR) Parenting: HPS (CR), OPS (CR), HPBQ (CR) |
| Reitman and Asseff (2010), United States | Cross-sectional | 200 college students and their parents | 18–35 (19) | Anxiety: STAI (CR, PR) Parenting: CRPBI (CR), PBI (CR) |
| Rogers et al. (2020), United States | Longitudinal | 500 families, including the target adolescent and their parent | 10–14 (11.83 at baseline) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Anxiety: SCAI (CR) Parenting: PC-YRS (CR) |
| Schiffrin et al. (2019), United States | Cross-sectional | 446 college students | 18–25 (19.59) | Anxiety and Depression: HADS (CR), CES-D (CR) Parenting: CHPS (CR) |
| Schiffrin et al. (2014), United States | Cross-sectional | 297 college students | 18–23 (19.34) | Anxiety and Depression: CES-D (CR), HADS (CR) Parenting: OHPQ (CR) |
| Segrin et al. (2013), United States | Cross-sectional | 653 parent-adult child dyads | Range not reported (20.03) | Anxiety: HADS (CR, PR) Parenting: OPS (PR), HPS (CR) |
| Silove et al. (1991), Australia | Cross-sectional | 190 participants where 80 where patients consecutively referred to a hospital out-patient anxiety management programme and 80 were matched controls | 19–62 (36.3) | Anxiety: Diagnostic interview including DSM-III-R (RR) Parenting: PBI (CR) |
| Soenens et al. (2012), Belgia and South-Korea | Cross-sectional | 611 high school students | 14–18 (16.1) | Depression: CES-D (CR) Parenting: DAPCS, (CR), PCS-YSR (CR), CRPBI (CR) |
| Turner et al. (2020), United States | Cross-sectional | 286 college students | Under the age of 26 (19.2) | Depression: DASS (CR) Parenting: HPS (CR) |
| Wenze et al. (2019), United States | Cross-sectional | 104 undergraduate students | Range not reported (19.15) | Depression: CED-D (CR) Anxiety: GAD (CR) Parenting: HPBQ (CR) |
| Wu et al. (2018), China | Cross-sectional | 373 high school students | 13–15 (13.79) | Anxiety: PPK-TC: GELOPH-TC (CR) Parenting: PBI (CR) |
Key: CR, children report; PR, parent report; RR, researcher report.
a
Study utilized the same sample.
b
Study utilized the same sample.