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. 2022 Jun 8;17(6):e0268134. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268134

Fig 1. Gaps in validated voter turnout rates by groups using VEP as denominator.

Fig 1

Mean levels of voter turnout in 2016 (top) and 2014 (bottom) among individuals in the nationwide voter file (black bars). We use the voting eligible population (VEP) from the US Census for the denominator to determine voting rates. We also report turnout rates using the CCES validated vote (dark grey bars) and the 2016 ANES survey (light grey bars), both of which dramatically over-report turnout in nearly all cases. In all cases “old” is defined as >60 and “young” is defined as <30 years old.