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. 2022 May 25;13:903978. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903978

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Copyright © 2022 Yakhnitsa, Ji, Hein, Presto, Griffin, Ponomareva, Navratilova, Porreca and Neugebauer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of a KOR antagonist on spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) in CRF-CeA neurons in a functional pain model. Recordings of visually identified CeA-CRF neurons were made in whole-cell configuration. (A) Voltage-clamped (at 0 mV) traces of sIPSCs during application of aCSF (vehicle) and nor-BNI (1 μM). (B) Expanded traces of individual sIPSCs (indicated by arrows in A) show that nor-BNI did not affect channel kinetics. (C,D) Analysis of frequency (inter-event interval) and amplitude of sIPSCs recorded in an individual neuron shows significantly increased sIPSC frequency by nor-BNI (*p < 0.05, paired t-test, compared to predrug aCSF, n = 6; (C), but no significant effect on sIPSC amplitude (p > 0.05, paired t-test, compared to aCSF predrug control, n = 6; (D). Bar histograms show means ± SEM. Symbols show values of individual neurons.