Extended Data Fig. 6. Habitat change for 22 species of old-forest associated birds both inside (green) and outside (within a 50 km buffer) of three large terrestrial national parks in the Maritime provinces.

Under the hypothesis that timber harvest and forest management are the primary drivers of habitat decline, loss should be predominantly outside of reserves, where harvesting is not permitted. Although for some species, minor habitat loss occurs inside parks (likely due to natural shifts in forest composition), habitat loss is much higher beyond park boundaries.