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. 2022 Jun 1;606(7913):335–342. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04785-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Study outline: 1,593 blood DNA samples were obtained from 385 elderly individuals sampled 2–5 times (median 4) over 3.2–16 years (median 12.9) and sequenced for mutations in 56 clonal haematopoiesis genes. Measured VAFs were used to fit observed clonal trajectories and extrapolate the clonal dynamics prior to the period of observation. Additional blood samples from 3 selected individuals were used to generate 288 (that is, 3 × 96) whole-genome-sequenced single cell-derived colonies for phylogeny reconstructions. b, Age distribution of average VAF per individual (n = 1,258 VAF measurements). The boxes represent the 25th, 50th (median) and 75th percentiles of the data; the whiskers represent the lowest (or highest) datum within 1 interquartile range from the 25th (or 75th) percentile. c, Age-stratified prevalence of the number of mutations per individual. d, Prevalence of mutations in driver genes. Top, absolute prevalence in the cohort. Bottom, average number of mutations per individual in DNMT3A, TET2 and splicing genes (SF3B1, SRSF2 and U2AF1) at different ages, with error bars representing bootstrap 90% confidence intervals.