Table 2.

Prevalence estimates of pre-HF

Study reference	Source population	Sample size	Age (years)	Gender (male)	Diagnosis ascertained by an expert panel	Prevalence of pre-HF
Smeets M et al. 2019 [31••]	General population	165,796	≥ 45	Not reported	No	11%
Jorge AL et al. 2016 [40••]	General population	633	Mean ± SD: 59.6 ± 10.4	38%	No	42.7%
Mureddu GF et al. 2012 [35••]†	General population	2,001	65 to 84	51.7%	Yes	59.1%
Ghossein-Doha C et al. 2017 [33••]	General population	41	Mean ± SD: 40 ± 4	0%	No	7%
Shah AM et al. 2017 [37••]†	General population	6,118	Median (IQR): 75.3 (71.7–77.5)	42%	Yes	29.4%
Xanthakis V et al. 2016 [38••]†	General population	6,770	Mean ± SD: Men: 51 ± 16 Women:51 ± 16	46.0%	Yes	Overall: 24.2% Men: 30.9% Women: 18.5%
Gupta S et al. 2011 [39••]	General population	2,277	Mean ± SD: 47 ± 10	57%	No	12.5%
Gaborit FS et al. 2019 [32••]†	Patients with hypertension	400	Median (range): 72 (67–78)	51.5%	Yes	37.5%
Mureddu GF et al. 2019 [36••]	Patients referred for an echocardiogram	3,322	Mean ± SD: 67.1 ± 11.9	54.5%	No	52.6%
Breetveld NM et al. 2017 [34••]	Pre-eclamptic women	69	Median (IQR): 32 (29–35)	0%	No	23.2%

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; US, United States. †The investigators relied on an expert panel to validate the diagnosis of pre−HF