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. 2022 Jun 8;12:9416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13779-w

Table 2.

Influent, effluent and operational characteristics of HySAF pilot plant in Rishikesh, India used for validation. Value range provided where present in literature51.

Parameter Unit 0.5 mg/L DO regime 4.5 mg/L DO regime
Influent Effluent Influent Effluent
pH 7.2 ± 0.2 7.2 ± 0.2
Temperature °C 26.5 ± 1.5 23 ± 2.0
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg/L 455.6 ± 37.1 85.0 440.4 ± 25.7 25.5
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) mg/L 232.8 ± 29.8 46.0 221.6 ± 18.4 9.0
Total suspended solids (TSS) mg/L 316.6 ± 34.7 58.0 262.9 ± 27.6 15.0
Ammonia (NH3) mg/L 40.8 ± 7.9 32.8 ± 14.3 34.5 ± 9.6 0.2 ± 0.2
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) mg/L 48.6 ± 7.6 35.6 42.5 ± 9.6 1.3
Total nitrogen (TN) mg/L 50.7 ± 8.6 43.6 45.9 ± 11.6 14.2
Hydraulic retention time (HRT) h 11.1 11.1
Solids retention time (SRT) days 8 22
Bulk dissolved oxygen (DO) mg/L  ~ 0.5  ~ 4.5
Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) mg/L 2000 ± 200 2000 ± 200
(RAS) x Q 2.5 3.0