Table 1.
Characteristics of reentry veterans in the 3 years prior to their most recent incarceration according to Dementia/MCI status (N=17,962)
| Characteristics n (%) or mean (SD) | No Dementia/MCI before most recent incarceration (N=17,365) | Dementiaa before most recent incarceration (N=445) | MCI before most recent incarceration (N=152) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at start date of most recent incarceration, years, mean (SD) | 62.32 (7.59) | 66.36 (8.36) | 65.36 (8.04) | <0.001 |
| Duration of incarceration, days, mean (SD) | 497.02 (692.66) | 312.78 (548.29) | 201.81 (248.04) | <0.001 |
| Duration of incarceration, days, mean (SD) (<= 2 years) | 193.80 (186.27) | 150.86 (155.61) | 168.40 (186.60) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 16,877 (97.2) | 434 (97.5) | 150 (98.7) | 0.494 |
| Race | 0.002 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 11,330 (65.3) | 323 (72.6) | 111 (73.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 5,296 (30.5) | 110 (24.7) | …b | |
| Hispanic/Others | 739 (4.3) | 12 (2.7) | … | |
| Homelessness before most recent incarceration (within 3 years) | 1,355 (7.8) | 101 (22.7) | 28 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| Medical conditions before most recent incarceration (within 3 years) | ||||
| Hypertension | 9,823 (56.6) | 371 (83.4) | 125 (82.2) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1,400 (8.1) | 92 (20.7) | 28 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 1,367 (7.9) | 93 (20.9) | 24 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 1,779 (10.2) | 168 (37.8) | 35 (23.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4,202 (24.2) | 220 (49.4) | 56 (36.8) | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 288 (1.7) | … | … | 0.608 |
| Hip fracture | 224 (1.3) | 31 (7.0) | … | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 4,573 (26.3) | 197 (44.3) | 54 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 1,515 (8.7) | 70 (15.7) | 23 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1,336 (7.7) | 75 (16.9) | 34 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| HIV/AIDS | 352 (2.0) | 16 (3.6) | … | 0.007 |
| Hepatitis C | 2,220 (12.8) | 80 (18.0) | 24 (15.8) | 0.003 |
| Sexually transmitted disease | 227 (1.3) | 11 (2.5) | … | 0.013 |
| Tobacco dependence | 7,978 (45.9) | 297 (66.7) | 94 (61.8) | <0.001 |
| Sum of above 14 chronic medical conditions, mean (SD) | 2.15 (1.85) | 3.89 (2.10) | 3.10 (1.88) | <0.001 |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 1,571 (9.1) | 106 (23.8) | 40 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Psychiatric conditions before most recent incarceration (within 3 years) | ||||
| Major depression | 3,259 (18.8) | 168 (37.8) | 64 (42.1) | <0.001 |
| Bipolar disorder | 2,827 (16.3) | 144 (32.4) | 43 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 3,515 (20.2) | 133 (29.9) | 46 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | 6,472 (37.3) | 264 (59.3) | 93 (61.2) | <0.001 |
| Drug Use Disorder | 6,287 (36.2) | 223 (50.1) | 85 (55.9) | <0.001 |
| Schizophreniac | 2,317 (13.3) | 140 (31.5) | 32 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Psychotic Illnessesd | 2,100 (12.1) | 150 (33.7) | 25 (16.5) | <0.001 |
| Any Serious Mental Illness (schizophrenia, bipolar, or psychotic illness) | 4,111 (23.7) | 214 (48.1) | 56 (35.3) | <0.001 |
Dementia includes Alzheimer’s disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, presenile, senile and not otherwise specified dementia, alcohol/drug-induced persistent dementia, Pick’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Prion disease.
Ellipses, individual cell count too small to report based on data use agreement, but for medical conditions individual cell counts included in sum of 14
Schizophrenia includes schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (ICD-9 codes: 295.0–295.4 and 295.6–295.9; ICD-10 codes: F20.0, F20.1, F20.2, F20.5, F20.9, F20.89, and F25).
Psychotic illnesses include ICD-9 codes 297.1 (delusional), 295.9 (unspecified schizophrenia), 295.7 (schizoaffective), 295.4 (schizophreniform), 293.81 and 293.82 (psychosis due to medical condition); ICD-10 codes F28 (Other psychotic disorder), F29 (Unspecified psychosis), and F20.81 (Schizophreniform disorder).