TABLE 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of study participants stratified by dietary‐induced changes in postload insulin clearance at enrolment and after the 12‐week intervention
| Marked increase (n = 10) | Minor change (n = 7) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 12 | Week 0 | Week 12 | Group | Time | Interaction | |
| Age (y) | 14.90 [6.60] | – | 12.40 [3.40] | – | Ns | – | – |
| Sex (n, %) | |||||||
| Boys | 4, 40.0% | – | 2, 28.6% | – | Ns | – | – |
| Girls | 6, 60.0% | 5, 71.4% | |||||
| Race or ethnicity (n, %) | |||||||
| Caucasian | 3, 30.0% | – | 4, 57.1% | – | Ns | – | – |
| African American | 2, 20.0% | 0, 0.0 % | |||||
| Hispanic | 5, 50.0% | 3, 42.9% | |||||
| Body weight (kg) | 88.4 ± 23.5 | 87.4 ± 24.1 | 94.5 ± 34.7 | 94.6 ± 34.4 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 34.0 ± 7.3 | 33.4 ± 7.9 | 35.4 ± 8.5 | 35.2 ± 8.7 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Body composition | |||||||
| Fat mass (%) | 37.28 ± 14.67 | 41.26 ± 19.28 | 42.18 ± 17.97 | 39.10 ± 13.77 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 113.2 ± 13.0 | 107.6 ± 17.2 | 113.4 ± 19.9 | 116.8 ± 16.0 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio (ratio) | 0.96 [0.07] | 0.98 [0.07] | 1.00 [0.12] | 1.00 [0.04] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| HFF% (%) | 15.45 [19.10] | 10.85 [20.80] | 12.50 [5.90] | 8.00 [10.50] | Ns | .001 | Ns |
| VAT (cm2) | 83.9 ± 40.9 | 71.9 ± 37.3 | 79.2 ± 30.8 | 79.0 ± 33.2 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| SAT (cm2) | 495.2 [303.2] | 496.1 [167.5] | 590.9 [435.6] | 669.1 [382.3] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 28 [27] | 13 [19] | 46 [43] | 22 [38] | Ns | .007 | .089 |
| Lipid profile | |||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 152.8 ± 17.6 | 143.9 ± 15.7 | 169.6 ± 29.8 | 153.4 ± 25.5 | Ns | .067 | Ns |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 38.6 ± 4.7 | 38.8 ± 6.6 | 43.3 ± 10.7 | 39.1 ± 10.1 | Ns | .001 | .029 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 83.6 ± 10.3 | 80.8 ± 13.2 | 94.9 ± 26.0 | 86.4 ± 15.8 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 133 [133] | 100 [90] | 130 [208] | 111 [58] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
Note: Continuous variables are reported as median [interquartile range] or mean ± SD. Categorical variables are reported as count (%). Group differences were analysed by two‐way ANOVA for repeated measures including group, time, and group × time interaction as factors. P values less than .10 are reported.
Abbreviations: HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HFF%, hepatic fat fraction; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.