TABLE 2.
Glucose tolerance and insulin metabolism at enrolment and after the 12‐week intervention in study participants stratified by dietary‐induced changes in postload insulin clearance
| Marked increase (n = 10) | Minor change (n = 7) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 12 | Week 0 | Week 12 | Group | Time | Interaction | |
| Glucose control | |||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.82 [0.72] | 4.83 [0.34] | 4.86 [0.71] | 5.00 [0.44] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| 2‐h glucose (mmol/L) | 6.76 [2.03] | 6.56 [1.19] | 6.16 [1.39] | 5.72 [0.89] | .021 | Ns | Ns |
| Mean glucose (mmol/L) | 7.20 [1.58] | 6.70 [0.90] | 6.33 [1.27] | 6.04 [1.58] | .034 | Ns | Ns |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 241 [106] | 169 [251] | 294 [192] | 249 [190] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Mean insulin (pmol/L) | 1518 [1003] | 999 [786] | 802 [703] | 934 [709] | .054 | Ns | .005 |
| β‐cell function | |||||||
| Fasting ISR (pmol m−2 min−1) | 183 [106] | 161 [110] | 179 [82] | 152 [99] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Total ISR (nmol/m2) | 75 [53] | 96 [39] | 91 [34] | 76 [22] | Ns | Ns | .092 |
| β‐GS (pmol min−1 m−2 mM−1) | 100 [39] | 134 [52] | 195 [143] | 169 [27] | .006 | Ns | .042 |
| ISR@5 (pmol min−1 m−2) | 189 [135] | 189 [84] | 239 [159] | 176 [59] | .086 | .002 | .005 |
| β‐RS (nmol m−2 mM−1) | 2005 [1102] | 1935 [1498] | 3052 [1617] | 2751 [2668] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Potentiation factor ratio | 1.18 ± 0.60 | 1.16 ± 0.24 | 0.81 ± 0.31 | 0.96 ± 0.31 | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Insulin sensitivity | |||||||
| HOMA‐IR (unit) | 8.24 [7.01] | 6.13 [8.84] | 11.23 [7.39] | 8.91 [7.08] | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| OGIS (ml min−1 m−2) | 287 ± 93 | 364 ± 99 | 363 ± 92 | 342 ± 51 | .089 | Ns | .010 |
| WBISI (unit) | 1.03 [0.75] | 1.28 [1.23] | 1.44 [1.47] | 1.26 [2.16] | .087 | Ns | .048 |
| Insulin clearance | |||||||
| Fasting clearance (L min−1 m−2) | 0.65 ± 0.33 | 1.00 ± 0.47 | 0.84 ± 0.32 | 0.87 ± 0.26 | Ns | Ns | .034 |
| OGTT clearance (L min−1 m−2) | 0.30 ± 0.14 | 0.60 ± 0.21 | 0.56 ± 0.20 | 0.51 ± 0.23 | .002 | .046 | <.0001 |
Note: Data are reported as median [interquartile range] or mean ± SD. Group differences were analysed by two‐way ANOVA for repeated measures including group, time, and group × time interaction as factors. P values less than .10 are reported.
Abbreviations: β‐GS, β‐cell glucose sensitivity; β‐RS, β‐cell rate sensitivity; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ISR, insulin secretion rate; ISR@5, ISR at a fixed fasting plasma glucose of 5 mmol/L; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; WBISI, whole‐body insulin sensitivity index.