Table 2.
Association of circadian preference with psychiatric symptoms during pregnancy
| No psychiatric symptoms | Psychiatric symptoms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | |
| Antepartum generalized anxiety | ||||||
| Circadian preference | ||||||
| Morning | 566 | 45.8 | 230 | 41.1 | Reference | Reference |
| Intermediate | 384 | 31.1 | 174 | 31.1 | 1.12 (0.88–1.41) | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) |
| Evening | 286 | 23.1 | 156 | 27.9 | 1.34 (1.05–1.72) | 1.44 (1.12–1.86) |
| p-value for trend | 0.022 | 0.005 | ||||
| Antepartum PTSD | ||||||
| Circadian preference | ||||||
| Morning | 568 | 45.6 | 228 | 41.5 | Reference | Reference |
| Intermediate | 392 | 31.5 | 166 | 30.2 | 1.06 (1.83–1.34) | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) |
| Evening | 286 | 23.0 | 156 | 28.4 | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 1.38 (1.07–1.78) |
| p-value for trend | 0.021 | 0.014 | ||||
| Antepartum depression | ||||||
| Circadian preference | ||||||
| Morning | 605 | 44.9 | 191 | 42.6 | Reference | Reference |
| Intermediate | 420 | 31.2 | 138 | 30.8 | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 1.04 (0.81–1.35) |
| Evening | 323 | 24.0 | 119 | 26.6 | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) | 1.23 (0.94–1.61) |
| p-value for trend | 0.270 | 0.145 | ||||
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for age (continuous), marital status (married vs. others), parity (nulliparous vs. others), difficulty paying for the very basics (hard vs. not very hard)