Table 3.
Linear regression analysis of the effect of composite arterial stiffness z-score on echocardiographic measures assessed in unadjusted and adjusted models*
| Models | LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7) | Septal E/Em (cm/s) | Lateral E/Em (cm/s) | Mean septal-lateral E/Em (cm/s) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β ± SE | P Value | R2 | β ± SE | P Value | R2 | β ± SE | P Value | R2 | β ± SE | P Value | R2 | |
| Unadjusted Model | ||||||||||||
| Composite arterial stiffness | 4.50 ± 0.89 | <.0001 | 7.3% | 0.41 ± 0.19 | 0.04 | 1.3% | 0.79 ± 0.18 | <.0001 | 5.5% | 0.60 ± 0.17 | 0.0006 | 3.6% |
| Adjusted Model | ||||||||||||
| Composite arterial stiffness | 2.41 ± 0.85 | 0.005 | 1.7% | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.76 | <0.1% | 0.45 ± 0.19 | 0.01 | 1.5% | 0.26 ± 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.6% |
| Age (year) | −0.34 ± 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.7% | 0.03 ± 0.05 | 0.52 | <0.1% | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.98 | <0.1% | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.71 | <0.1% |
| Female | −3.32 ± 1.05 | 0.002 | 2.2% | 0.47 ± 0.25 | 0.06 | 1.0% | 0.43 ± 0.22 | 0.06 | 1.0% | 0.46 ± 0.22 | 0.03 | 1.2% |
| Race-ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3.93 ± 1.32 | 0.003 | 2.3% | 0.10 ± 0.31 | 0.74 | <0.1% | 0.24 ± 0.28 | 0.39 | 1.3% | 0.20 ± 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.5% |
| Hispanic | 2.26 ± 1.30 | 0.08 | 0.04 ± 0.31 | 0.91 | 0.04 ± 0.27 | 0.87 | 0.06 ± 0.27 | 0.81 | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | 1.98 ± 1.09 | 0.07 | 0.7% | −0.22 ± 0.26 | 0.39 | 0.2% | 0.16 ± 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.1% | −0.02 ± 0.23 | 0.96 | <0.1% |
| Mean HbA1c (%)† | −0.26 ± 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.2% | 0.10 ± 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.8% | 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.2% | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.5% |
| Mean arterial BP (mm Hg)† | 0.05 ± 0.08 | 0.49 | 0.1% | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.4% | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.9% | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.6% |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2)† | 0.53 ± 0.07 | <.0001 | 14.0% | 0.06 ± 0.02 | <.0001 | 4.6% | 0.06 ± 0.01 | <.0001 | 5.2% | 0.06 ± 0.01 | <.0001 | 6.0% |
Composite arterial stiffness z-score from the arterial stiffness assessment (~study year 7) is related to echocardiography measures evaluated about 2 years later (~study year 9), before and after adjustment for potential confounders, in linear regression models. Both unadjusted and adjusted models are minimally adjusted for heart rate (beats per minute). Model coefficient estimates (β) ± standard error (SE), P-values, and partial R-square (R2) are presented for each characteristic. The partial R2 corresponds to the proportion of explained variance by the characteristic in the model. Cigarette smoking (defined as smoking in the past month), HbA1c, mean arterial BP, and BMI are characteristics evaluated at the time of the echocardiogram assessment. Reference groups are male for sex and non-Hispanic Whites for race-ethnicity.
Time-weighted mean. P-values<0.05 are bolded.