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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022 Apr 13;70(6):1620–1628. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17805

Table 4.

Factors Associated with Reporting Worse Physical Health (vs About the Same/Better) During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Odds Ratio

OR (95% CI)
Age (ref. <60)
 60–69 0.79 (0.53 – 1.15)
 70–79 0.69 (0.41 – 1.13)
 80+ 0.50 (0.27 – 0.91)*
Sex (ref. Male)
 Female 1.16 (0.84 – 1.60)
Race/Ethnicity (ref. White)
 Black 0.56 (0.34 – 0.91)*
 Hispanic 1.03 (0.49 – 2.18)
 Other 0.43 (0.13 – 1.44)
 Education (ref. <HS)
HS/Equivalent 1.83 (0.84 – 4.00)
 Vocational/Some college 2.41 (1.06– 5.46)*
 Bachelor’s or more 3.05 (1.31 – 7.09)**
Self-rated mental health (ref. Excellent)
 Very good 2.72 (1.24 – 5.96)*
 Good 3.32 (1.56 – 7.09)**
 Fair/Poor 4.95 (2.20 – 11.13)***
Chronic Illness (ref. None)
 One 1.04 (0.70 – 1.56)
 Two or more 0.89 (0.55 – 1.45)
Self-rated physical health (ref. Excellent)
 Very good 1.22 (0.44 – 3.36)
 Good 2.75 (1.03 – 7.36)*
 Fair/Poor 6.96 (2.54 – 19.11)***
Activities of daily living 0.94 (0.82 – 1.07)
Concern about the pandemic 1.11 (1.02 – 1.20)*
Compensated delayed medical care (ref. Delayed, fully compensated)
 No delay 1.52 (0.81 – 2.88)
 Delayed, partially compensated 1.93 (1.01 – 3.68)*
 Delayed, no compensation 2.55 (1.24 – 5.22)*
N=2,430
***

p<0.001

**

p<0.01

*

p<0.05