Table 2.
Utilisation distribution (UD) overlap (Bhattacharyya’s Affinity119) of pre- and post-moult African penguins at the core (54% UD) and distributional range (90% UD) between (a) pre- and post-moult stages, (b) year and stage at Bird Island, and (c) year and stage at Dassen Island.
| At the 54% UD | At the 90% UD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed overlap | Permuted overlap (mean ± SD) | p-value (95% CI) | Observed overlap | Permuted overlap (mean ± SD) | p-value (95% CI) | |
| (a) Stage comparisons (pre-moult vs. post-moult) | ||||||
| Bird Island | 42.0 | 50.5 ± 2.4 | < 0.01 (< 0.01–0.01) | 80.4 | 82.7 ± 1.8 | 0.10 (0.08–0.11) |
| Dassen Island | 29.6 | 37.1 ± 3.01 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 44.0 | 68.3 ± 3.3 | < 0.01 (< 0.01–< 0.01) |
| (b) Year comparison of Bird Island pre-moult UDs | ||||||
| 2012 vs 2013 | 47.8 | 51.6 ± 1.5 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 81.0 | 83.3 ± 1.2 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) |
| (c) Year comparison of Dassen Island pre-moult UDs | ||||||
| 2012 vs 2013 | 21.4 | 22.67 ± 2.1 | 0.25 (0.22–0.28) | 56.0 | 55.8 ± 2.9 | 0.49 (0.46–0.52) |
| 2012 vs 2014 | 27.4 | 26.7 ± 2.9 | 0.53 (0.50–0.56) | 48.1 | 47.8 ± 4.4 | 0.52 (0.49–0.55) |
| 2012 vs 2018 | 18.9 | 27.5 ± 3.3 | 0.01 (< 0.01–0.01) | 50.5 | 56.6 ± 4.2 | 0.08 (0.07–0.1) |
| 2012 vs 2019 | 24.0 | 30.4 ± 3.45 | 0.05 (0.03–0.06) | 51.1 | 55.1 ± 3.7 | 0.13 (0.11–0.16) |
| 2013 vs 2014 | 21.7 | 21.7 ± 3.7 | 0.48 (0.45–0.51) | 38.7 | 53.0 ± 5.3 | 0.01 (< 0.01–0.02) |
| 2013 vs 2018 | 21.6 | 28.2 ± 3.8 | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) | 54.9 | 64.7 ± 3.6 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) |
| 2013 vs 2019 | 22.6 | 28.0 ± 3.4 | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 53.5 | 62.4 ± 4.1 | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) |
| 2014 vs 2018 | 25.7 | 26.8 ± 4.7 | 0.36 (0.33–0.39) | 49.1 | 56.34 ± 6.8 | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) |
| 2014 vs 2019 | 34.5 | 32.4 ± 5.7 | 0.63 (0.60–0.66) | 56.6 | 59.5 ± 7.3 | 0.34 (0.31–0.37) |
| 2018 vs 2019 | 35.7 | 35.5 ± 4.0 | 0.44 (0.41–0.47) | 65.8 | 67.3 ± 4.3 | 0.29 (0.26–0.32) |
Significantly different UDs (bold) were identified by comparing the real (observed) overlap to the distribution of overlaps from 1000 permutations of either the stage or year labels where appropriate.