Fig. 6. Parvalbumin suppresses thermogenesis through M2 macrophages in mice.

Male parvalbumin KO mice were intravenously injected with Ad-parvalbumin or Ad-GFP through the tail vein. VO₂ (a), VCO₂ (b), energy expenditure (c), UCP1 protein expression (d) and representative thermogenic gene expression (e) in scWAT and BAT were examined (n = 8 per group). Male parvalbumin KO mice were intravenously injected with Ad-parvalbumin or Ad-GFP through the tail vein and fed under cold conditions. representative thermogenic gene expression (f) in scWAT and BAT, VO₂ (g), VCO₂ (h), and energy expenditure (i) were examined (n = 8 per group). j Representative thermogenic gene expression in WT and STAT6 KO mice injected with Ad-GFP or Ad-parvalbumin (n = 3 per group). P value: <0.0001, 0.0008, 0.0042, 0.0006, 0.0059, 0.0266. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. P values were determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (e, f, and j) and ANCOVA using weight as a covariable (a–c and g–i). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.