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. 2022 Jun 8;13(6):536. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04959-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — GSCs-derived β8 integrin, which was regulated by p38 activation, released secreted TGFβ1 into GBM microenvironment. GBM cells exhibit activated p-Smad and RhoA and eventually induce VM and EMT phenotype. While human brain microvascular endothelial cells presented upregulated p21 and decreased c-myc expression that ultimately culminate in the suppression of GBM angiogenesis.