Table 1.
The included studies for this meta-analysis.
| Study | Year | Country | Patient/Control | Age (years) | YGTSS score | Sample | Cell types/Cytokines | Technique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zeynep et al. (28) | 2021 | Turkey | 48/24 | 11.6/11.6 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Ma (29) | 2021 | China | 80/80 | 8.9/9.0 | – | serum | TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 | ELISA |
| Liu (30) | 2020 | China | 100/78 | 8.8/9.6 | – | serum | IL-8 | ELISA |
| Houa et al. (31) | 2018 | China | 150/80 | 7.5/7.6 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| He (32) | 2018 | China | 66/38 | 8.8/9.1 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Pranzatelli et al. (33) | 2017 | USA | 5/26 | 10/- | 50±31 | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Lu et al. (34) | 2017 | China | 21/30 | 9.8/10.1 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Fan et al. (35) | 2017 | China | 74/20 | 7.9/9.0 | – | serum | TNF-α, IL-6 | ELISA |
| Chen et al. (36) | 2016 | China | 40/40 | 7.9/7.2 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Cheng et al. (37) | 2016 | China | 52/52 | -/- | – | peripheral blood, serum | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 | flow cytometry, ELISA |
| Gao et al. (38) | 2016 | China | 40/40 | 8.8/8.2 | 65.31±9.85 | serum | IFN-γ, IL-4 | ELISA |
| Erzhen at al. (39) | 2015 | China | 58/45 | 9.7/8.9 | 31.18±6.70 | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Zhang et al. (40) | 2015 | China | 31/30 | 9.0/8.0 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Zhang et al. (41) | 2014 | China | 41/60 | 10.0/10.0 | – | serum | IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4 | ELISA |
| Tang et al. (42) | 2014 | China | 30/30 | 10.7/10.8 | 16.14±6.94 | serum | TNF-α, IL-12 | ELISA |
| Luo et al. (43) | 2014 | China | 40/24 | 7.7/8.1 | – | serum | TNF-α, IL-2 | ELISA |
| Liu et al. (44) | 2013 | China | 57/43 | 9.7/9.4 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Li et al. (45) | 2013 | China | 32/30 | 10.1/10.7 | – | peripheral blood, serum | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells, IL-6, IL-8 | flow cytometry, ELISA |
| Yu-hang et al. (46) | 2012 | China | 40/40 | 13.0/12.4 | – | plasma | IL-6 | ELISA |
| Ji (47) | 2011 | China | 33/30 | 10.0/9.6 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Gabbay et al. (48) | 2009 | USA | 32/16 | 11.2/15.1 | 22.0±6.11 | plasma | TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6 | ELISA |
| Zhang (49) | 2008 | China | 30/30 | 10.1/10.5 | – | peripheral blood | CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells | flow cytometry |
| Mao (50) | 2008 | China | 25/15 | – | serum | TNF-α, IL-12 | ELISA | |
| Leckman et al. (51) | 2005 | USA | 46/31 | 11.8/12.5 | – | serum | IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 | ELISA |
| Hou et al. b (31) | 2018 | China | 40/40 | 7.5/7.6 | - | serum | IFN-γ, IL-4 | ELISA |
YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; IL, Interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; ELISA, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Hou XJa and Hou XJb were from the same study but different sample.
Bold vaule means same study with different sample.