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. 2022 Mar 22;30(6):730–739. doi: 10.1038/s41431-022-01045-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — We derived the overlap in association signal for the joint 2df test of main and interaction effects across the four ancestries: Asian (ASA), African American (AA), European (EA), and Hispanic (HA). a A Venn diagram focusing only on loci found at genome-wide significance level after the meta-analysis of stages 1 and 2. In b we extracted genome-wide significant SNPs per ancestry (i.e., reference population) after the meta-analysis of stages 1 and 2, and extracted the p value for those SNPs in other populations (i.e., the matching populations) from stage 1. The barplot shows for each reference population, the proportion of SNPs in the matching population that achieve a p value below 0.05. For each comparison, we also derived the expected number of hits based on the effect size estimate in the reference population and the sample size in the matching population.