Table 1.
The characteristics of the included clinical studies.
| References | Study design | Population | Mean age (range) | ED diagnostic methods | OSA diagnostic methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schiavi et al. (15) | Cross-sectional | 70 | 45–75 | NPT psychosexual interview | Partial PSG (AHI ≥ 5) |
| Heruti et al. (16) | Cross-sectional | 3,363 | 36.1 ± 6.8 | SHIM Questionnaire | SQQ |
| Hanak et al. (17) | Cohort | 827 | 64 (51-90) | Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory |
Questionnaire (self-reported) |
| Andersen et al. (18) | Cross-sectional | 467 | 20–80 | Questionnaire | PSG |
| Szymanski et al. (19) | Cross-sectional | 90 | Non-OSA: 54.5 ± 8.3 OSA: 53.7 ±5.3 |
IIEF-5 | Berlin Questionnaire |
| Chen et al. (20) | Cross-sectional | 60,326 | 46.4 ± 13.1 | Ambulatory claim database | ICD-9-CM PSG |
| Chen et al. (21) | Cross-sectional | 53,335 | Non-OSA: 53.8 ± 16.6 OSA: 48.2 ±14.4 |
ICD-9-CM | ICD-9-CM |
| Chung et al. (12) | Cross-sectional | 6,180 | 47.8 ± 13 | ICD-9-CM | ICD-9-CM PSG |
| Bozorgmehri et al. (22) | Cohort | 2,857 | 76.2 ± 5.5 | IIEF-5 | PSG |
| Pressman et al. (23) | Cross- sectional | 31 | 58.4 ± 6.8 | NPT | PSG |
| Hirshkowitz et al. (24) | Case–control | 275 | 50 ± 9.0– 58 ± 9.8 | NPT | PSG |
| Hirshkowitz et al. (25) | Cross- sectional | 1,025 | 54 (20-82) | NPT | PSG |
| Chediak et al. (26) | Cross- sectional | 37 | 52.2 ± 14 | NPT | PSG |
| Seftel et al. (27) | Cross- sectional | 285 | 53 ± 13 (16-81) | Medical History | Cleveland Sleep Habits Questionnaire |
| Fanfulla et al. (28) | Case–control | 50 | 48 ± 11.9 | Self-reported Electrophysiologic |
PSG |
| Margel et al. (11) | Cross-sectional | 209 | AHI <5: 43.95 ± 11.8; AHI > 5 to <20: 44.31 ± 11.8; AHI >20 to <40: 49.88 ± 9.56; AHI >40: 50.19 ± 8.36 |
IIEF-5 | PSG |
| Teloken et al. (29) | Cross-sectional | 50 | 48 ± 10 | IIEF-5 | ESS > 10 |
| Shin et al. (30) | Case–control | 59 | Control: 42.9 ± 9.9; Cases: 44.6 ± 9.8 |
KIIEF-5 | PSG SAQLI ESS |
| Budweiser et al. (31) | Cross-sectional | 401 | ED: 61.7 (53.7–69.6); No-ED: 49.9 (42.0–55.4) |
IIEF-15 | PSG ESS > 10 |
| Stannek et al. (32) | Case–control | 186 | Control: 46.6 ± 13.7; Cases: 51.1 ± 11.4 |
Modified IIEF | PSG ESS |
| Petersen et al. (33) | Case–control | 1,493 | 50.6 ± 10.3 (30-69) | Fugl-Meyer Life Satisfaction Checklist; Brief Sexual Function Inventory |
PSG ESS |
| Gurbuz et al. (34) | Case–control | 39 | Control: 42.3 ± 7.9; Cases: 41.0 ± 8.8 |
IIEF-5 | PSG ESS |
| Santos et al. (35) | Cross-sectional | 62 | 52.16 | IIEF-5 | Polygraphic cardiorespiratory sleep study |
| Bouloukaki et al. (36) | Cross-sectional | 404 | 42.6 ± 9.3 (18-65) | IIEF-5 | PSG ESS |
| Jeon et al. (37) | Cross-sectional | 713 | 44.8 ± 12.4 | KIIEF-5 | PSG ESS SAQLI |
| Popp et al. (38) | Cross-sectional | 381 | ED: 60.7 ± 11.2; No-ED: 49.0 ± 9.4 |
IIEF-15 | PSG ESS VIGIL-S1 |
| Taken et al. (39) | Case–control | 55 | 43.09 ± 11.48 | IIEF-15 | PSG |
| Pascual et al. (40) | Clinical trials | 150 | ED:48.7(1); No-ED:54.8(1) |
IIEF-15 | PSG |
| Schulz et al. (41) | Clinical trials | 94 | 51.5 ± 0.9 | IIEF-5 | PSG |
PSG, polysomnography; IIEF, The International Index of Erectile Function; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; SAQLI, Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index; VIGIL-S1 test, Vigil-vigilance; KIIEF, Korean version of the IIEF; NPT, nocturnal penile tumescence; SQQ, Sleep Quality Questionnaire; SHIM, Sexual Health Inventory for Men; ICD-9-CM, The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.