TABLE 4.
Clinical characteristics of people who required UPC during the two observation periods.
| Variables | People who required UPC in ER |
People who required UPC in CMHS |
||||
| Pre-COVID-19 period (n = 896) | COVID-19 period (n = 702) | Probability Statistical test | Pre-COVID-19 period (n = 666) | COVID-19 Period (n = 599) | Probability statistical test | |
| Psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-9-CM), n (%) | ||||||
| No previous psychiatric diagnosis | 295 (32.9%) | 259 (36.9%) | χ2 = 32.29; p = 0.001 §SR = −2.09 |
41 (6.2%) | 39 (6.5%) | χ2 = 9.5744 p = 0.728 Not statistically significant |
| Schizophrenic spectrum disorders | 99 (11%) | 81 (11.5%) | 162 (24.3%) | 159 (26.5%) | ||
| Bipolar disorders | 55 (6.1%) | 41 (5.8%) | 45 (6.8%) | 49 (8.2%) | ||
| Depressive disorders | 95 (10.6%) | 53 (7.5%)§ | 103 (15.5%) | 109 (18.2%) | ||
| Anxiety disorders | 50 (5.6%) | 32 (4.6%) | 58 (8.7%) | 43 (8.2%) | ||
| Personality disorders | 118 (13.2%) | 94 (13.4%) | 90 (13.5%) | 73 (12.2%) | ||
| Alcohol/substance abuse and dependence | 19 (2.1%) | 22 (3.1%) | 23 (3.5%) | 15 (2.5%) | ||
| Adjustment disorders | 71 (7.9%) | 69 (9.8%) | 101 (15.2%) | 75 (12.5%) | ||
| Intellectual Disability | 11 (1.2%) | 14 (2.0%) | 23 (3.2%) | 15 (2.5%) | ||
| Organic psychotic diagnosis | 39 (4.4%) | 29 (4.1%) | 7 (1.1%) | 9 (1.5%) | ||
| Other | 44 (4.9%) | 8 (1.1%) | 13 (2%) | 13 (2.2%) | ||
| Alcohol/substance use | ||||||
| Absent | 641 (71.5%) | 546 (77.8%)* | Fisher’s exact = 0.000 *SR = 2.56 **SR = −2.83 ***SR = −2.28 |
575 (86.3%) | 518 (86.5%) | Not statistically significant |
| Alcohol/Alcohol + substances | 120 (13.4%) | 83 (11.8%)** | 12 (1.8%) | 3 (0.5%) | ||
| One or more substances | 28 (3.1%) | 38 (5.4%) | 15 (2.3%) | 17 (2.8%) | ||
| Unspecified substance | 69 (7.7%) | 32 (4.6%)*** | 53 (8.0%) | 57 (9.5%) | ||
| Unknown | 38 (4.2%) | 3 (0.4%) | 11 (1.7%) | 4 (0.7%) | ||
| Medical comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||
| Present | 737 (82.3%) | 579 (82.5%) | Fisher’s exact = 0.000 | 205 (30.8%) | 191 (31.9%) | Not statistically significant |
| Not present | 119 (13.3%) | 120 (17.1%) | 443 (66.5%) | 401 (66.9%) | ||
| Unknown | 40 (4.4%) | 3 (0.4%) | 18 (2.7%) | 7 (1.2%) | ||
| Previous treatments and care, n (%) | ||||||
| CMHS | 373 (41.6%) | 404 (57.5%)§ | Fisher’s exact = 0.000 § SR = 6.32 |
429 (64.1%) | 426 (71.1%) | Fisher’s exact = 0.000 §§ SR = 2.30 |
| PAS | 24 (2.7%) | 7 (1.0%) | 5 (0.8%) | 14 (2.3%)§§ | ||
| Other private specialists | 42 (4.7%) | 9 (1.3%) | 9 (1.4%) | 11 (1.8%) | ||
| Other or more than one outpatient service | 50 (5.5%) | 18 (2.6%) | 18 (2.7%) | 9 (1.5%) | ||
| No previous treatment and care | 402 (44.9%) | 264 (37.6%) | 188 (28.2%) | 136 (22.7%) | ||
| Unknown | 5 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (2.6%) | 3 (0.5%) | ||
§, §§, *, **, *** Standardized Residues (SR) with > or < 2 values and p < 0.05.