Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Year | End points | Publication | Country | Study design | Study interval | Group | Cases | Malignant tumour, n (%) | Tumour grade (1-2),n (%) | Clinical T1, n(%) | Clavien grade (0-2), n (%) | Age | Male proportion(%) | BMI(Body mass index) (kg/m2) | Comorbidities ASA(%) | tumour size(cm) | Pathology (Ma/Be/Un) | R.E.N.A.L Nephrometry score | Follow-up (months) | Confounders adjustment | NOS score(max:9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bensalah (10) | 2007 | Survival, recurrence, complications | BJU international | USA | R | 2000-2006 | LPN | 50 | 41 (82) | 37 (90) | 56.5 ± 11.7 | 62 | 31.1 ± 8.0 | ≥3(53%) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | N/A | N/A | 25 | No | 8 | ||
| LRFA | 38 | 29 (80) | 20 (95) | 62 ± 17.5 | 58 | 29.6 ± 4.8 | ≥ 3(26%) | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 15 | |||||||||||||
| Bertolo (11) | 2019 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Urologic Oncology | USA | R | 2006-2016 | RAPN | 65 | 65(100) | 16 (25) | 79.3 ± 3.3 | 66 | 27.4 ± 4.9 | 3.0 (0.5) | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 54/11/0 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 37 (29-44) | No | 7 | ||
| CA | 65 | 65(100) | 5 (8) | 79.3 ± 4.1 | 60 | 27.9 ± 5.9 | 2.9 (0.6) | 3.0 ±1.0 | 48/17/0 | 6.4 ± 2.0 | 46 (38-53) | |||||||||||
| Bianchi, L (12). | 2021 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Int J Urol | Italy | R | 2007-2019 | MIPN | 137 | 2.4 (2–3) | 72 (62–77) | 66.4 | 26 (24–29) | 2.4 (2–3) | 107/30/0 | 52 (32–99) | Yes (propensity score matching) | 7 | |||||
| Ablation | 137 | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 72 (65–79) | 65.7 | 26 (24–28) | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 106/19/12 | 62 (47–79) | ||||||||||||||
| Bird (13) | 2009 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Journal of Endourology | USA | R | 2002-2007 | LPN | 33 | 20 (60.6) | 57.8 (27–77) | 55 | 28.45 | 2.2 | 3.1 | .20/13/0 | N/A | 27 (6–58) | No | 7 | |||
| LRFA | 36 | 26 (72.3) | 75.2 (56–86) | 61 | 30.08 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 26/13/0 | 12 (6–23) | |||||||||||||
| Caputo (14) | 2017 | Survival, recurrence, complications | European Urology | USA | P | 1999-2014 | RAPN | 31 | 28 (90) | 8 (36.5) | 31 (100) | 30 (96.8) | 61 (52–68) | 67 | 30.6 (26.6–35.4) | 3 (2–3) | 5.0 (4.5–5.6) | 28/3/0 | 9.0 (8–10) | 13.0 (3.19–19.2) | Yes (propensity score matching) | 8 |
| CA | 31 | 22 (71) | 12 (42.6) | 31 (100) | 27 (87.1) | 68 (64–76) | 81 | 30.6 (26.3–37.4) | 3 (3–3) | 4.3 (4.2–4.7) | .22/8/1 | 8.0 (6–9) | 30.1 (13.2–64.0) | |||||||||
| Desai (15) | 2005 | Survival, recurrence, complications | Urology | USA | P | 1999-2003 | LPN | 153 | 60.59 ± 13.19 | 58 | 29.06 ± 6.42 | ≥3(46) | 2.25 ± 0.67 | N/A | N/A | 5.8 (1–36) | No | 6 | ||||
| LCA | 89 | 65.55 ± 12.69 | 69 | 27.43 ± 5.59 | ≥3(75) | 2.05 ± 0.56 | 24.6 (1–60) | |||||||||||||||
| Emara (16) | 2014 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | BJU international | UK | P | 2010-2012 | RAPN | 47 | 33 (70) | 60.5 (38–80) | 80 | N/A | N/A | 3.278 ± 1.787 | 33/14/0 | 5.77 ± 0.25 | 16.50 ± 0.946 | No | 8 | |||
| CA | 56 | 39 (70) | 69.75 (42–90) | 66 | 2.559 ± 0.958 | .9/9/8 | 5.75 ± 0.23 | 31.30 ± 1.802 | ||||||||||||||
| Fossati (17) | 2015 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | European urology focus | Italy | R | 2000-2013 | MIPN | 206 | 153 (74) | 194 (94) | 60 (51–70) | 69 | 26 (23–28) | ≥3(17) | 2.5 (2.0–3.4) | 153/53/0 | N/A | 43 | No | 8 | ||
| LCA | 166 | 105 (63) | 136 (82) | 66 (57–73) | 73 | 25 (23–29) | ≥3(30) | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | 105/43/18 | 39 | ||||||||||||
| Garcia, R. G (18). | 2021 | Recurrence, complications | CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology | Brazil | R | 2008-2017 | RAPN | 69 | 69 (100) | 2 (3) | 54.8 ± 11.9 | 72.4 | 27.5 ± 3.8 | ≥3(0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 22.1 | No | 7 | ||
| PCA | 63 | 63 (100) | 0 (0) | 62.5 ± 14.1 | 76.2 | 28.3 ± 4.5 | ≥3(24.5) | 22.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Guillotreau (19) | 2012 | Recurrence, complications, renal function | European Urology | USA | R | 1998-2010 | RAPN | 210 | 156 (74) | 36 (17) | 57.8 ± 11.8 | 58 | 30.1 ± 6.4 | ≥3(51) | 2.4 ± 0.8 | N/A | N/A | 4.8 (1–7.9) | Yes (multivariable logistic regression for complications) | 8 | ||
| LCA | 226 | 181 (77) | 19 (8) | 67.4 ± 11.3 | 71 | 29.3 ± 6.2 | ≥3(80) | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 44.5 (8.7–66.8) | |||||||||||||
| Haber (20) | 2012 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | BJU international | USA | R | 1998-2008 | LPN | 48 | 48 (100) | 60.6 ± 13.7 | 52.1 | 30.1 ± 6.2 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 1.33 | 31/17/0 | N/A | 42.7 ± 30.8 | No | 8 | |||
| LCA | 30 | 30 (100) | 60.9 ± 11.4 | 73.3 | 31.5 ± 5.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 1.08 | 25/5/0 | 60.2 ± 46.3 | |||||||||||||
| Haramis (21) | 2012 | Survival, recurrence, complications | Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced Surgical Techniques | USA | R | 2005-2008 | LPN | 92 | 10 (10.9) | 58.8 (37–85) | 60.8 | N/A | N/A | 1.9 (0.3–4.5) | N/A | N/A | 21.8 (1–48) | No | 6 | |||
| LCA | 75 | 5 (0.07) | 69.2 (19–84) | 62.7 | 1.9 (1–3) | 2.0 (0.4–7.5) | 14 (1–34) | |||||||||||||||
| Ji (22) | 2016 | Recurrence, complications | Urologia internationalis | China | R | 2006-2015 | LPN | 74 | 57.3 (25–76) | 55.4 | N/A | 1.7 (1–3) | 2.9 (1.4–3.8) | 103/2/0 | N/A | 2.2 (1.7–3.3) | No | 6 | ||||
| LRFA | 105 | 64.2 (42–81) | 62.9 | 2.3 (1–3) | 2.2 (1.7–3.3) | 71/3/0 | 78 (60–106) | |||||||||||||||
| Kim (23) | 2015 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Asian journal of surgery | South Korea | R | 2005-2011 | RAPN | 27 | 60.33 ± 15.61 | 70.4 | 25.9 ± 3.4 | N/A | 1.77 ± 0.96 | 24/3/0 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 10.9 ± 7.0 | Yes (propensity score matching) | 6 | ||||
| RFA | 27 | 58.67 ± 11.60 | 81.5 | 26.6 ± 3.1 | 1.8 ± 0.81 | .3/2/24 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 16.7 ± 10.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Kiriluk (24) | 2011 | Complications, renal function | Journal of Endourology | USA | P | 2002-2008 | LPN | 51 | 41 (80.3) | 6 (11.8) | 66.0 (23–83) | 51 | 29.1 (18.2–24) | N/A | 2.27 (0.80–5.10) | N/A | N/A | 18.3 (13.0–26.8) | No | 7 | ||
| LAT | 51 | 26 (50.9) | 12 (23.5) | 65.7 (27–75) | 51 | 30.0 (12.1–56.9) | 2.35 (0.99–4.90) | 27.9 (0.4–40.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Lian (25) | 2010 | Recurrence, complications, renal function | Chinese journal of surgery | China | R | 2005-2009 | LPN | 29 | 61 (55-68) | 66 | N/A | N/A | 2.8 (2.0-4.5) | N/A | N/A | 27 (3-36) | No | 6 | ||||
| LCA | 18 | 63 (41-73) | 78 | 2.9 (1.5-5.0) | 16 (6-21) | |||||||||||||||||
| Link (26) | 2006 | Recurrence | Journal of Endourology | USA | R | 2004-2005 | LPN | 217 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.6 ± 1.3 | N/A | N/A | N/A | No | 7 | ||||
| LCA | 28 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu (27) | 2021 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Diagnostics | China | R | 2008, 2015 | RAPN | 55 | 32 (58.2) | 53 (96.4) | 0 (0) | 57.27 ± 13.28 | 52.7 | 25.29 ± 4.58 | ≥3(23.6) | 4.06 ± 2.01 | N/A | N/A | 33.20 ± 19.55 | Yes: matching | 7 | |
| LCA | 55 | 27 (49.1) | 54 (98.2) | 3 (5.5) | 59.44 ± 14.77 | 52.7 | 25.04 ± 4.23 | ≥3(20) | 3.86 ± 2.13 | 54.96 ± 34.59 | ||||||||||||
| O'Malley (28) | 2007 | Recurrence, complications | BJU International | USA | R | 2003-2005 | LPN | 15 | 75.7 ± 4.6 | 79 | 27.1 ± 3.9 | ≥3(53) | 2.5 ± 1.0 | N/A | N/A | 9.83 ± 8.8 | Yes: matching | 8 | ||||
| LCA | 15 | 76.1 ± 4.5 | 57 | 29.1 ± 6.8 | ≥3(62) | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 11.9 ± 7.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Pantelidou (29) | 2016 | Recurrence, complications, renal function | CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology | UK | R | 2005-2013 | RAPN | 63 | 59 (93.7) | 10 (15.9) | 54 ± 7 | N/A | N/A | 2 (2–3) | 2.88 ± 0.13 | 63/0/0 | 7.38 ± 0.16 | 18.5 (6.2–29.5) | No | 7 | ||
| RFA | 63 | 63 (100) | 4 (6.3) | 61 ± 21 | 2 (2–3) | 2.11 ± 0.19 | 59/0/4 | 7.38 ± 0.16 | 47.5 (11.8–80.2) | |||||||||||||
| Park (30) | 2018 | Survival, recurrence, complications | European radiology | Republic of Korea | R | 2008-2016 | RAPN | 63 | 54 (85.7) | 3 (4.8) | 57.7 ± 10.8 | 75 | N/A | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 63/0/0 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 24.6 (1-90) | Yes: matching | 8 | ||
| RFA | 63 | 48 (76.2) | 3 (4.8) | 57.1 ± 13.1 | 65 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 63/0/0 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 21 (1-65) | ||||||||||||
| Tanagho (31) | 2013 | Recurrence, complications, renal function | Journal of Endourology | USA | R | 2007-2012 | RAPN | 233 | 80 (52.3) | 57.4 ± 11.9 | 54.5 | 30.1 ± 6.0 | N/A | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 185/48/0 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 21.9 ± 18.8 | No | ||||
| 2000-2003 | CA | 267 | 185 (79.4) | 69.3 ± 11.0 | 61 | 30.4 ± 7.8 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 80/73/114 | 6.4 ± 1.7 | 39.8 ± 34.3 | ||||||||||||
| Turna (32) | 2009 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | The Journal of urology | USA | R | 1997-2006 | LPN | 36 | 23 (63.8) | 60.3 ± 15.5 | 58 | 30.5 ± 7.1 | ≥3(66.7) | 3.7 ± 1.9 | N/A | N/A | 80 | No | 8 | |||
| RFA | 36 | 22 (73.3) | 64.1 ± 11.1 | 64 | 31.3 ± 5.7 | ≥3(77.7) | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 80 | ||||||||||||||
| Uemura, T (33). | 2021 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | In Vivo | Japan | R | 2016-2019 | RAPN | 78 | 58 (74.3) | 78 (100) | 76 (97.4) | 61 (52-69) | 63 | 23 (21-25) | ≥3(1.3) | 1.9 (1.5-2.3) | N/A | ≥10(3.8) | 18.5 (12-30) | No | 7 | |
| PCA | 48 | 41 (85.4) | 48 (100) | 47 (97.9) | 78 (70-82) | 41 | 23 (21-26) | ≥3(33.3) | 2.6 (2.0-3.4) | ≥10(10.8) | 12 (6-32) | |||||||||||
| Yanagisawa (34) | 2020 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Urologic oncology | Japan | R | 2011-2019 | LPN | 90 | 65 (72) | 90 (100) | 87 (96.7) | 69.5 (63-75) | 81 | N/A | N/A | 28.8 ± 9.5 | 88/0/2 | 6 (5-8) | 18 | Yes: matching | 7 | |
| PCA | 90 | 88 (97.8) | 90 (100) | 89 (98.9) | 68.5 (61−76) | 76 | 27.6 ± 9.7 | 65/25/0 | 6 (5-7) | 26.5 | ||||||||||||
| Yu (35) | 2020 | Survival, recurrence, complications, renal function | Radiology | China | R | 2006-2017 | LPN | 185 | 185 (100) | 60.4 ± 14.1 | 74.6 | N/A | N/A | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 185/0/0 | N/A | 40.6 (25.1–63.4) | Yes: matching | 8 | |||
| MWA | 185 | 185 (100) | 63.2 ± 15.2 | 74 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 185/0/0 | 42.0 (23.5–69.3) |
Matching: 1 - Age; 2 - BMI; 3 - ASA; 4 - Charlson; 5 - Gender; 6 - Pathological stage; 7 - Urinary diversion type. RARC, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy; LPN, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy; RFA, Radiofrequency ablation; CRA, Cryoablation; MWA, Microwave ablation; RCT, randomized controlled trial; R, Retrospective; P, Prospective; NA, data not available; NOS, score; Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score.