Figure 1.

Association of handgrip strength with all‐cause dementia incidence (top graphs) and mortality (bottom graphs). Data are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Handgrip strength was expressed in absolute terms. All analyses were conducted using a 2 years landmark. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and deprivation index. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for health‐related factors including body mass index categories, multimorbidity (prevalent diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), and long‐standing illness. Model 3 was additionally adjusted by lifestyle behaviours including walking pace, sleep duration, watching TV, smoking, and dietary intake (alcohol, fruits and vegetables, red meat, processed meat, and oily fish intake).