Table 1.

Assessment of potentially most relevant frameworks in relation to reflective questions.

First Author(s) [date(s)]*–article type	Framework	Includes diverse patient life trajectories, mobility, vulnerabilities and assets?	Indicators tapping eco-social contexts for health?	State of application?†	Aspects applicable to practices-communities in diverse rural, resource development regions?	Challenges uncovered/addressed for operationalizing?
Gofin and Gofin (30)—review, Gofin and Foz (31)—Catalonia	Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC)	Mostly, yes	In some applications, particularly in lower and middle income countries, and rural areas	Decades of institutionalization	Some rural applications demonstrated overall framework with multiple steps.	Most successful COPC undertakings have been externally funded and associated with academic institutions (28)
Blumenthal (32)—review and institutional case study	Clinical Community Health	Mostly, yes	No	Promising approach to institutionalization	Varies across particular applications referenced.	Resources to maintain fidelity with the model—Teams, staff, skills, commitment, dedication, time, patience
Bourke et al. (1)—conceptual with two applications	Comprehensive conceptual framework for the analysis of rural and remote health situations	Unclear	Yes	Application in several Australian (33) and other places	Yes, rural in both the primary care reorganization and Aboriginal health promotion applications.	Multiple levels of power and need for negotiation discussed in each of two examples
Bodenheimer and Sinsky (34)—conceptual	Triple and Quadruple Aim	In patient-centeredness	Some applications e.g., Miranda et al. (35)	Promising approach	Elaborated in some applications.	Not addressed
Tipireni et al. (36)—review with case studies	Accountable Communities for Health	Unclear	Yes, in one case study	Empirical evaluation	Unclear extent to which applicable in resource development regions.	Not addressed
Pelletier et al. (37)—case study	Patient partnership in knowledge translation	Yes for those with serious mental illness	No	Promising approach	Urban example, but involvement of patients and families in multiple ways exemplary.	Additional supports needed for active involvement of patients with serious mental illness
Woollard et al. (38)—conceptual	Social accountability	Yes	Not explicitly	Promising approach	Yes, though not explicitly articulated.	Generic
Holroyd-Leduc et al. (39)—case study with review elements	Patient engagement (1rly in research)	Certainly vulnerabilities (focused on frail elderly) and assets	Broadly considered	Promising approach and ethical imperative	Approach used with combination of evidence, face to face and virtual discussions.	Numerous discussed, particularly power differentials, accessibility with multiple suggestions for addressing them
Orkin (40)—review (with descriptive appendix of studies)	Clinical Population Medicine	Varies by application, [see Appendix]	No	Varied, but argue that lots of examples of application	Some potential tools identified (see below).	Generic in this review

^*Chronological.

^†State of Application categories: interesting idea, promising approach, empirical evaluation, decades of institutionalization.