Dehghan 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: randomised trial Study duration: 2010 Power calculation: no prospective calculation of sample size
Participants	Setting: Ayatollah Kashani hospital, Iran Sample size: 90 children Inclusion criteria: children aged 2 to 10 with Gartland 3 supracondylar fractures Exclusion criteria: delayed presentation more than 5 days, previous arm fracture, head injury, underlying disease, unavailability to attend follow‐up, referral to other centres due to complications
Interventions	Group 1 (45 children): closed manipulation of fracture in theatre with fixation using wires Group 2 (45 children): posterior approach open reduction of fracture in theatre with fixation using wires
Outcomes	1) Major complications (pin site infection)
Notes	Loss to follow‐up: no loss to follow‐up reported Funding source: not stated Declarations: not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "through Random Number Table allocated in two groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient detail on allocation concealment to assess
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: it is not clear who performed the interventions and their relationship to the study team.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: it is not clear who performed the outcomes assessment and their relationship to the study team.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no reported loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no published protocol or prospective trial registration was identified. The trial was registered after recruitment was complete.
Other bias	Low risk	None identified