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. 2022 Jun 9;15(6):1212–1223. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00531-w

Fig. 2. Basophil responses in the skin.

Fig. 2

Infective L3 penetrate the skin causing damage of the epithelial cells. Alarmins such as IL-33 and TSLP are released from damaged epithelial cells. Both IL-33 and TSLP can activate basophils, which can release IL-4. IL-4 is necessary for 1) the development of TH2 cells and the release of IL-5 involved in eosinophil recruitment, and 2) B cell IgE class switching. Basophil activity is directed against the parasite upon binding of IgE through high affinity receptors and trapping infective larvae. TSLP together with IL-3 induces recruitment of basophils at the site of skin inflammation.