Table 2.
Hazard ratios of continuous muscle and bone parameters in sex‐specific SD decrease for risk of second fracture
| Muscle and bone parameters | Original analyses (45 vs. 221) | Competing risk analyses a (45 vs. 249) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted b | Unadjusted | Adjusted b | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| G.MaxM area (cm2) | 1.64 (1.19, 2.25) | <0.01 | 1.32 (0.91, 1.91) | 0.14 | 1.54 (1.15, 2.08) | <0.01 | 1.27 (0.89, 1.80) | 0.18 |
| G.MaxM density (HU) | 1.85 (1.36, 2.51) | <0.01 | 1.49 (1.06, 2.10) | 0.02 | 1.74 (1.27, 2.37) | <0.01 | 1.43 (0.96, 2.12) | 0.08 |
| G.Med/MinM density (HU) | 1.98 (1.47, 2.67) | <0.01 | 1.68 (1.20, 2.35) | <0.01 | 1.84 (1.42, 2.39) | <0.01 | 1.61 (1.16, 2.23) | <0.01 |
| FN CortThick (mm) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.49) | 0.67 | 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) | 0.68 | 1.07 (0.77, 1.49) | 0.68 | 1.07 (0.74, 1.54) | 0.72 |
| TH aBMD (g/cm2) | 1.80 (1.34, 2.42) | <0.01 | 1.60 (1.11, 2.31) | 0.01 | 1.72 (1.32, 2.25) | <0.01 | 1.50 (1.09, 2.08) | 0.01 |
| FN aBMD (g/cm2) | 1.38 (1.01, 1.87) | 0.04 | 1.19 (0.86, 1.66) | 0.30 | 1.35 (0.94, 1.94) | 0.11 | 1.14 (0.78, 1.67) | 0.50 |
| TR aBMD (g/cm2) | 1.81 (1.30, 2.52) | <0.01 | 1.48 (1.01, 2.17) | 0.04 | 1.71 (1.25, 2.34) | <0.01 | 1.40 (0.97, 2.01) | 0.07 |
| IT aBMD (g/cm2) | 1.77 (1.33, 2.36) | <0.01 | 1.62 (1.13, 2.31) | 0.01 | 1.71 (1.32, 2.22) | <0.01 | 1.53 (1.13, 2.06) | 0.01 |
| bCSA (cm2) | 1.59 (1.17, 2.15) | <0.01 | 1.23 (0.88, 1.72) | 0.22 | 1.54 (1.19, 1.98) | <0.01 | 1.19 (0.89, 1.58) | 0.25 |
| ACT (cm) | 1.49 (1.09, 2.04) | 0.01 | 1.18 (0.83, 1.67) | 0.37 | 1.45 (1.08, 1.93) | 0.01 | 1.13 (0.80, 1.61) | 0.49 |
| CSMI (cm4) | 1.35 (0.98, 1.85) | 0.06 | 1.14 (0.83, 1.56) | 0.41 | 1.35 (1.00, 1.82) | 0.05 | 1.14 (0.89, 1.46) | 0.32 |
| Z (cm3) | 1.28 (0.98, 1.66) | 0.07 | 1.13 (0.83, 1.55) | 0.42 | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) | 0.06 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.47) | 0.40 |
| BR | 0.74 (0.56, 0.98) | 0.04 | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) | 0.36 | 0.78 (0.60, 1.02) | 0.07 | 0.92 (0.66, 1.28) | 0.61 |
BMD, bone mineral density; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SD, standard deviance.
a
As for refracture risk, we did the competing risk analyses using cause‐specific hazard models given that total deaths (n = 28) occurring in the absence of refracture events are the competing risks. The Fine–Gray model was further adopted for analysing competing risks as sensitivity analyses.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, T2DM, and Parker Mobility Score prior to first hip fracture surgery.